ESCI 101 EXAM 1 WWU EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Ecosystem services refer to the biological or system properties or processes of an ecosystem (T/F) -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅False
Costanza showed in his 1997 paper that the annual value of the world's ecosystem services and natural
capital... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅was almost double that of the world's GNP
What is an example of an ecosystem function and not an ecosystem service? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Self-regulating ecosystem stability
Based on the total value of ecosystem services (table 2) which of the following ecosystem has the
highest total global value? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Costal Ecosystem
According to Pimm, economists know the price of everything but the value of nothing. (T/F) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅True
What are some threats to the ecosystem services? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Destruction of the
natural habitats,
Alterations to the earth's nitrogen cycle,
Over-harvesting of global and/or local fishers
In the tragedy of commons example that Hardin discusses in his essay, the effect of the first farmer
adding one more cow to the commons causes... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅slightly reduces the value
of all cows in the commons at first and then cases ruin for all as more farmers add more cows
According to Hardin, the first herdsman that adds an additional cow to the pasture to maximize his gain
is acting in a selfish and self-serving - rather than rational - manner (T/F) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅False
, In Harden's example of "tragedy of the commons" where he uses an open pasture as the "commons"
collapse of the resource eventually occurs because... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the carrying capacity
of the pasture land is exceeded
What would Hardin say about the utility of the first herdsman (Farmer A) adding on additional cow to
the pasture? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The negative utility is small for farmer A and the cost
distributed among all the other farmers
The total annual economic value of marine ecosystems is almost twice that of terrestrial ecosystems
(T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
The economic value attributed to cultural and recreational uses of ecosystems in generally more
valuable than direct economic value from harvestable goods (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
Ecosystems services can include the aesthetic, spiritual and recreational opportunities that natural
systems provide for humans (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
What value does Primm report to represent the annual value of nutrient cycling in the oceans? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅$17 trillion
A finite world cannot support an infinitely increasing population, therefore population growth on Earth
must eventually equal zero (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
The total annual value estimated by Constanza that can be attributed to ecosystem services is US$23
trillion (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅False
A first step to the "tragedy of commons" that Hardin describes in that each herdsman will try and raise
the lost number of cattle possible to make ends meet (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅False
The "demographic divide" refers to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an increase in the number of working
age adults entering the population, a decrease in the youth dependency of population, young people
with fewer children growing to adulthood
ANSWERS
Ecosystem services refer to the biological or system properties or processes of an ecosystem (T/F) -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅False
Costanza showed in his 1997 paper that the annual value of the world's ecosystem services and natural
capital... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅was almost double that of the world's GNP
What is an example of an ecosystem function and not an ecosystem service? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Self-regulating ecosystem stability
Based on the total value of ecosystem services (table 2) which of the following ecosystem has the
highest total global value? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Costal Ecosystem
According to Pimm, economists know the price of everything but the value of nothing. (T/F) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅True
What are some threats to the ecosystem services? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Destruction of the
natural habitats,
Alterations to the earth's nitrogen cycle,
Over-harvesting of global and/or local fishers
In the tragedy of commons example that Hardin discusses in his essay, the effect of the first farmer
adding one more cow to the commons causes... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅slightly reduces the value
of all cows in the commons at first and then cases ruin for all as more farmers add more cows
According to Hardin, the first herdsman that adds an additional cow to the pasture to maximize his gain
is acting in a selfish and self-serving - rather than rational - manner (T/F) - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅False
, In Harden's example of "tragedy of the commons" where he uses an open pasture as the "commons"
collapse of the resource eventually occurs because... - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the carrying capacity
of the pasture land is exceeded
What would Hardin say about the utility of the first herdsman (Farmer A) adding on additional cow to
the pasture? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The negative utility is small for farmer A and the cost
distributed among all the other farmers
The total annual economic value of marine ecosystems is almost twice that of terrestrial ecosystems
(T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
The economic value attributed to cultural and recreational uses of ecosystems in generally more
valuable than direct economic value from harvestable goods (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
Ecosystems services can include the aesthetic, spiritual and recreational opportunities that natural
systems provide for humans (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
What value does Primm report to represent the annual value of nutrient cycling in the oceans? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅$17 trillion
A finite world cannot support an infinitely increasing population, therefore population growth on Earth
must eventually equal zero (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅True
The total annual value estimated by Constanza that can be attributed to ecosystem services is US$23
trillion (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅False
A first step to the "tragedy of commons" that Hardin describes in that each herdsman will try and raise
the lost number of cattle possible to make ends meet (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅False
The "demographic divide" refers to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅an increase in the number of working
age adults entering the population, a decrease in the youth dependency of population, young people
with fewer children growing to adulthood
