NS 660 EXAM 2 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED
A+ | 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE
Differences in wound healing by primary and secondary intention. Tertiary? Primary: Clean
incision, able to suture. Hairline scar. use dressing to protect area.
Secondary: Requires granulation to close wound, can not be pulled shut by sutures. Remains
open to air.
Tertiary: can be from either primary or secondary, mixture of 2. Delayed primary closure.
What are complications of wound healing? Risk for infection/tissue loss (necrosis),
tunneling, undermining, lack of blood flow
Factors that impede or promote wound healing: Impede:
Health status, age, nutrition, medications, wound stress, tissue perfusion (low)
Promote:
Debridement, moisture, tissue perfusion (high), wound vacs/drainage, nutrition, rest, hygiene
Complete assessment for patient with impaired skin integrity. Inspect: measure
borders/edge/shape/size of wound, measure depth of wound (sterile NS Q-tip)
,Assess:
color, exudate, tunneling/undermining
Document appropriately and in detail. Regular gloves fine - don't need to be sterile.
Red: protect, Yellow: clean, Black: Debride
List nursing diagnoses associated with impaired skin integrity. Risk for infection, infection
Risk for impaired skin integrity, Impaired skin integrity
Impaired BF, risk for impaired BF
List appropriate interventinos for patients with impaired skin integrity. Dependent on
patients condition/etiology.
Adequate hygiene
repositioning every 2hrs
ambulation as tolerated
hydration + nutrition status
Dressing changes
Describe body fluid distribution and the process involved in regulating fluid balance
homeostasis. Distribution:
ECF: 1/3 total body water. Water outside cell - Intravascular, transcellular, interstitial.
ICF: 2/3 total body water. Water inside cell.
,Process:
Osmosis and filtration
Thirst regulation (hypothalamus), hormonal regulation (ADH/vaso, RAAS)
Interpret basic fluid and electrolyte lab values:
Na+
K+
Cl-
Ca+
Mg+
P+
Urine specific gravity
Hematocrit
Osmolality Na+: 136-145
K+: 3.5-5.5
Cl-: 98-106
Ca+: 8.6-10.5
, Mg++: 1.5-2.5
P+: 2.7-4.5
Urine specific gravity: 1.005-1.030
Hematocrit: (M)42-52% (W)37-47%
Osmolality: 280-300
ECF volume deficit:
Causes
S/S
Labs Causes: severely decreased PO intake, Increased GI output, increased renal output,
hemorrhage, burns, massive sweating (diaphoresis)
S/S:
Overnight weight loss, postural hypotension, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, poor skin
turgor, Flat neck veins, dark yellow urine
A+ | 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE
Differences in wound healing by primary and secondary intention. Tertiary? Primary: Clean
incision, able to suture. Hairline scar. use dressing to protect area.
Secondary: Requires granulation to close wound, can not be pulled shut by sutures. Remains
open to air.
Tertiary: can be from either primary or secondary, mixture of 2. Delayed primary closure.
What are complications of wound healing? Risk for infection/tissue loss (necrosis),
tunneling, undermining, lack of blood flow
Factors that impede or promote wound healing: Impede:
Health status, age, nutrition, medications, wound stress, tissue perfusion (low)
Promote:
Debridement, moisture, tissue perfusion (high), wound vacs/drainage, nutrition, rest, hygiene
Complete assessment for patient with impaired skin integrity. Inspect: measure
borders/edge/shape/size of wound, measure depth of wound (sterile NS Q-tip)
,Assess:
color, exudate, tunneling/undermining
Document appropriately and in detail. Regular gloves fine - don't need to be sterile.
Red: protect, Yellow: clean, Black: Debride
List nursing diagnoses associated with impaired skin integrity. Risk for infection, infection
Risk for impaired skin integrity, Impaired skin integrity
Impaired BF, risk for impaired BF
List appropriate interventinos for patients with impaired skin integrity. Dependent on
patients condition/etiology.
Adequate hygiene
repositioning every 2hrs
ambulation as tolerated
hydration + nutrition status
Dressing changes
Describe body fluid distribution and the process involved in regulating fluid balance
homeostasis. Distribution:
ECF: 1/3 total body water. Water outside cell - Intravascular, transcellular, interstitial.
ICF: 2/3 total body water. Water inside cell.
,Process:
Osmosis and filtration
Thirst regulation (hypothalamus), hormonal regulation (ADH/vaso, RAAS)
Interpret basic fluid and electrolyte lab values:
Na+
K+
Cl-
Ca+
Mg+
P+
Urine specific gravity
Hematocrit
Osmolality Na+: 136-145
K+: 3.5-5.5
Cl-: 98-106
Ca+: 8.6-10.5
, Mg++: 1.5-2.5
P+: 2.7-4.5
Urine specific gravity: 1.005-1.030
Hematocrit: (M)42-52% (W)37-47%
Osmolality: 280-300
ECF volume deficit:
Causes
S/S
Labs Causes: severely decreased PO intake, Increased GI output, increased renal output,
hemorrhage, burns, massive sweating (diaphoresis)
S/S:
Overnight weight loss, postural hypotension, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes, poor skin
turgor, Flat neck veins, dark yellow urine
