PHARM 180 FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔benadryl IV - ✔✔given slowly for risk of paradoxical effects.
✔✔benadryl paradoxical effects - ✔✔uncontrollable tremors.
✔✔2nd generation antipsychotics: atypicals - ✔✔blocks dopamine D2 and
serotonin 5HT2A receptors.
affects norepinephrine, histamine, and acetylcholine receptors.
✔✔serotonin receptors - ✔✔reduce negative symptoms and mood symptoms.
✔✔atypical antipsychotic medications - ✔✔quetiapine.
olanzapine.
piperidone.
ziprasidone.
aripiprazole.
*acetylcholine side effects.*
*QT prolongation*
✔✔Quetiapine (Seroquel) - ✔✔induces somnolence.
treats insomnia and bipolar disorder.
✔✔Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - ✔✔aids metabolic syndrome weight gain and diabetes
mellitus.
✔✔Risperidone (Risperdal) - ✔✔most prescribed atypical.
✔✔Clozapine (Clozaril) - ✔✔*best atypical medication to prescribe*
requires the patient fail 2 other antipsychotics prior to being prescribed.
✔✔atypical medication side effects - ✔✔metabolic syndrome.
sedation.
dizziness.
orthostatic hypotension. mild extrapyramidal effects.
elevated prolactin levels.
*agranulocytosis: kills patients*
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: akathisia - ✔✔feeling of restlessness, the urge to move.
reduce dose, provide beta blocker or anticholinergics such as benztropine or
diphenhydramine.
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: acute dystonia - ✔✔any contraction of any muscle group.
, oculogyric crisis.
torticollis.
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: dyskinesia - ✔✔bradykinesia.
induced Parkinson.
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: tardive dyskinesia - ✔✔irreversible and no treatment
options.
chronic and lifelong use of medication.
6 months, screen patient, stop medication as needed.
✔✔Benzodiazepines uses - ✔✔panic disorders.
abbot attacks.
avoid long term use due to dependence.
rapid acting: lorazepam IV or alprazolam oral.
✔✔mood disorder medications: lithium - ✔✔lithium: 1st line medication.
very potent, very effective but huge side effect profile.
teratogen.
narrow therapeutic index.
nephrotoxic.
nephrogenic for diabetes insipidus.
✔✔mood stabilizer medications: valproate - ✔✔another first line agent medication.
teratogen; causes spina bifida.
pancreatitis, decreased platelets, agranulocytosis.
✔✔parkinsons disease - ✔✔loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
✔✔parkinsons disease medications: - ✔✔must cross the blood brain barrier to release
dopamine and initiate movement
✔✔levodopa/carbidopa - ✔✔side effects: nausea, vomiting.
dopamine gets broken down before getting to the blood brain barrier.
given to patients >70 who are dysfunctional.
✔✔ropinirole and pramipexole - ✔✔dopamine agonist.
given to patient if they are <70 and working/active.
✔✔COMPT inhibitors - ✔✔Entacapone
Tolcapone.
work in the gut and brain.
✔✔MAOB inhibitors - ✔✔Selegiline.
Rasagiline.
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔benadryl IV - ✔✔given slowly for risk of paradoxical effects.
✔✔benadryl paradoxical effects - ✔✔uncontrollable tremors.
✔✔2nd generation antipsychotics: atypicals - ✔✔blocks dopamine D2 and
serotonin 5HT2A receptors.
affects norepinephrine, histamine, and acetylcholine receptors.
✔✔serotonin receptors - ✔✔reduce negative symptoms and mood symptoms.
✔✔atypical antipsychotic medications - ✔✔quetiapine.
olanzapine.
piperidone.
ziprasidone.
aripiprazole.
*acetylcholine side effects.*
*QT prolongation*
✔✔Quetiapine (Seroquel) - ✔✔induces somnolence.
treats insomnia and bipolar disorder.
✔✔Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - ✔✔aids metabolic syndrome weight gain and diabetes
mellitus.
✔✔Risperidone (Risperdal) - ✔✔most prescribed atypical.
✔✔Clozapine (Clozaril) - ✔✔*best atypical medication to prescribe*
requires the patient fail 2 other antipsychotics prior to being prescribed.
✔✔atypical medication side effects - ✔✔metabolic syndrome.
sedation.
dizziness.
orthostatic hypotension. mild extrapyramidal effects.
elevated prolactin levels.
*agranulocytosis: kills patients*
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: akathisia - ✔✔feeling of restlessness, the urge to move.
reduce dose, provide beta blocker or anticholinergics such as benztropine or
diphenhydramine.
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: acute dystonia - ✔✔any contraction of any muscle group.
, oculogyric crisis.
torticollis.
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: dyskinesia - ✔✔bradykinesia.
induced Parkinson.
✔✔extrapyramidal symptoms: tardive dyskinesia - ✔✔irreversible and no treatment
options.
chronic and lifelong use of medication.
6 months, screen patient, stop medication as needed.
✔✔Benzodiazepines uses - ✔✔panic disorders.
abbot attacks.
avoid long term use due to dependence.
rapid acting: lorazepam IV or alprazolam oral.
✔✔mood disorder medications: lithium - ✔✔lithium: 1st line medication.
very potent, very effective but huge side effect profile.
teratogen.
narrow therapeutic index.
nephrotoxic.
nephrogenic for diabetes insipidus.
✔✔mood stabilizer medications: valproate - ✔✔another first line agent medication.
teratogen; causes spina bifida.
pancreatitis, decreased platelets, agranulocytosis.
✔✔parkinsons disease - ✔✔loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
✔✔parkinsons disease medications: - ✔✔must cross the blood brain barrier to release
dopamine and initiate movement
✔✔levodopa/carbidopa - ✔✔side effects: nausea, vomiting.
dopamine gets broken down before getting to the blood brain barrier.
given to patients >70 who are dysfunctional.
✔✔ropinirole and pramipexole - ✔✔dopamine agonist.
given to patient if they are <70 and working/active.
✔✔COMPT inhibitors - ✔✔Entacapone
Tolcapone.
work in the gut and brain.
✔✔MAOB inhibitors - ✔✔Selegiline.
Rasagiline.
