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Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Investments Valuation and Management 9th Edition by Jordan

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Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Investments Valuation and Management 9th Edition by Jordan

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SOLUTION MANUAL FOR ’ ’

Fundamentals’of’Investments’Valuation’and’Management’9th’Edition’By’Jordan
Chapter’1-21

Chapter’1
A’Brief’History’of’Risk’and’Return

Concept’Questions

1. For’both’risk’and’return,’increasing’order’is’b,’c,’a,’d.’On’average,’the’higher’the’risk’of’an’investment,’
the’higher’is’its’expected’return.

2. Since’the’price’didn’t’change,’the’capital’gains’yield’was’zero.’ If’the’total’return’was’four’percent,’the
n’the’dividend’yield’must’be’four’percent.

3. It’is’impossible’to’lose’more’than’–
100’percent’of’your’investment.’Therefore,’return’distributions’ are’cut’off’on’the’lower’tail’at’–
100’percent;’if’returns’were’truly’normally’distributed,’you’could’lose’much’more.

4. To’calculate’an’arithmetic’return,’you’sum’the’returns’and’divide’by’the’number’of’returns.’As’such,’ar
ithmetic’returns’do’not’account’for’the’effects’of’compounding’(and,’in’particular,’the’effect’of’volatilit
y).’Geometric’returns’do’account’for’the’effects’of’compounding’and’for’changes’in’the’base’used’for’e
ach’year’s’calculation’of’returns.’As’an’investor,’the’more’important’return’of’an’asset’is’ the’geometric
’return.


5. Blume’s’formula’uses’the’arithmetic’and’geometric’returns’along’with’the’number’of’observations’to’a
pproximate’a’holding’period’return.’When’predicting’a’holding’period’return,’the’arithmetic’return’wil
l’tend’to’be’too’high’and’the’geometric’return’will’tend’to’be’too’low.’Blume’s’formula’adjusts’these’ret
urns’for’different’holding’period’expected’returns.

6. T-
bill’rates’were’highest’in’the’early’eighties’since’inflation’at’the’time’was’relatively’high.’As’we’discus
s’in’our’chapter’on’interest’rates,’rates’on’T-
bills’will’almost’always’be’slightly’higher’than’the’expected’rate’of’inflation.

7. Risk’premiums’are’about’the’same’regardless’of’whether’we’account’for’inflation.’The’reason’is’that’ri
sk’premiums’are’the’difference’between’two’returns,’so’inflation’essentially’nets’out.

8. Returns,’risk’premiums,’and’volatility’would’all’be’lower’than’we’estimated’because’aftertax’returns’a
re’smaller’than’pretax’returns.

9. We’have’seen’that’T-bills’barely’kept’up’with’inflation’before’taxes.’After’taxes,’investors’in’T-
bills’actually’lost’ground’(assuming’anything’other’than’a’very’low’tax’rate).’Thus,’an’all’T-
bill’strategy’will’probably’lose’money’in’real’dollars’for’a’taxable’investor.


Copyright’2021’©’McGraw-Hill’Education.’All’rights’reserved.’No’reproduction’or’distribution’without
the’prior’written’consent’of’McGraw-Hill’Education.

,10. It’is’important’not’to’lose’sight’of’the’fact’that’the’results’we’have’discussed’cover’over’80’years,’ well’
beyond’the’investing’lifetime’for’most’of’us.’There’have’been’extended’periods’during’which’small’sto
cks’have’done’terribly.’Thus,’one’reason’most’investors’will’choose’not’to’pursue’a’100’percent’stock’(
particularly’small-
cap’stocks)’strategy’is’that’many’investors’have’relatively’short’horizons,’and’high’volatility’investme
nts’may’be’very’inappropriate’in’such’cases.’There’are’other’reasons,’but’we’will’defer’discussion’of’th
ese’to’later’chapters.

Solutions’to’Questions’and’Problems

NOTE:’All’end’of’chapter’problems’were’solved’using’a’spreadsheet.’Many’problems’require’multiple’step
s.’Due’to’space’and’readability’constraints,’when’these’intermediate’steps’are’included’in’this’solutions’ma
nual,’rounding’may’appear’to’have’occurred.’However,’the’final’answer’for’each’problem’is’found’without’
rounding’during’any’step’in’the’problem.

Core’Questions

1. Total’dollar’return’=‘100($41’–’$37’+’$.28)’=‘$428.00
Whether’you’choose’to’sell’the’stock’does’not’affect’the’gain’or’loss’for’the’year;’your’stock’is’worth’w
hat’it’would’bring’if’you’sold’it.’Whether’you’choose’to’do’so’or’not’is’irrelevant’(ignoring’commission
s’and’taxes).

2. Capital’gains’yield’=‘($41’–
’$37)/$37’=‘.1081,’or’10.81%’Dividend’yield’=‘$.28/$37’=
‘.0076,’or’.76%
Total’rate’of’return’=‘10.81%’+’.76%’=‘11.57%

3. Dollar’return’=‘500($34’–’$37’+’$.28)’=‘–$1,360
Capital’gains’yield’=‘($34’–’$37)/$37’=‘–.0811,’or’–
8.11%’Dividend’yield’=‘$.28/$37’=‘.0076,’or’.76%
Total’rate’of’return’=‘–8.11%’+’.76%’=‘–7.35%

4. a.’ average’return’=‘6.2%,’average’risk’premium’=‘2.6%
b. average’return’=‘3.6%,’average’risk’premium’=‘0%
c. average’return’=‘11.9%,’average’risk’premium’=‘8.3%
d. average’return’=‘17.5%,’average’risk’premium’=‘13.9%

5. Cherry’average’return’=‘(17%’+’11%’–’2%’+’3%’+’14%)/5’=‘8.60%
Straw’average’return’=‘(16%’+’18%’–’6%’+’1%’+’22%)/5’=‘10.20%

6. Cherry:’RA’=‘8.60%
Var’=‘1/4[(.17’–’.086)2’+’(.11’–’.086)2’+’(–.02’–’.086)2’+’(.03’–’.086)2’+’(.14’–’.086)2]’=‘.00623
Standard’deviation’=‘(.00623)1/2’=‘.0789,’or’7.89%

Straw:’RB’=‘10.20%
Var’=‘1/4[(.16’–’.102)2’+’(.18’–’.102)2’+’(–.06’–’.102)2’+’(.01’–’.102)2’+’(.22’–’.102)2]’=‘.01452
Standard’deviation’=‘(.01452)1/2’=‘.1205,’or’12.05%

7. The’capital’gains’yield’is’($59’–’$65)/$65’=‘–.0923,’or’–
9.23%’(notice’the’negative’sign).’ With’a’dividend’yield’of’1.2’percent,’the’total’return’is’–8.03%.
Copyright’2021’©’McGraw-Hill’Education.’All’rights’reserved.’No’reproduction’or’distribution’without
the’prior’written’consent’of’McGraw-Hill’Education.

,8. Geometric’return’=‘[(1’+’.17)(1’+’.11)(1’-’.02)(1’+’.03)(1’+’.14)](1/5)’–’1’=‘.0837,’or’8.37%

9. Arithmetic’return’=‘(.21’+’.12’+’.07’–.13’–’.04’+’.26)/6’=‘.0817,’or’8.17%
Geometric’return’=‘[(1’+’.21)(1’+’.12)(1’+’.07)(1’–’.13)(1’–’.04)(1’+’.26)](1/6)’–’1’=‘.0730,’or’7.30%

Intermediate’Questions

10. That’s’plus’or’minus’one’standard’deviation,’so’about’two-
thirds’of’the’time,’or’two’years’out’of’three.’In’one’year’out’of’three,’you’will’be’outside’this’range,’im
plying’that’you’will’be’below’it’one’year’out’of’six’and’above’it’one’year’out’of’six.

11. You’lose’money’if’you’have’a’negative’return.’With’a’12’percent’expected’return’and’a’6’percent’stand
ard’deviation,’a’zero’return’is’two’standard’deviations’below’the’average.’The’odds’of’being’outside’(a
bove’or’below)’two’standard’deviations’are’5’percent;’the’odds’of’being’below’are’half’ that,’or’2.5’per
cent.’(It’s’actually’2.28’percent.)’You’should’expect’to’lose’money’only’2.5’years’out’of’every’100.’It’s
’a’pretty’safe’investment.


12. The’average’return’is’5.9’percent,’with’a’standard’deviation’of’9.8’percent,’so’Prob(Return’<‘–
3.9’or’Return’ >‘15.7’)’≈’1/3,’but’we’are’only’interested’in’one’tail;’Prob(Return’<‘–
3.9)’≈’1/6,’which’is’half’of’1/3’.
95%: 5.9’±’2σ’=‘5.9’±’2(9.8)’=‘–13.7%’to’25.5%
99%: 5.9’±’3σ’=‘5.9’±’3(9.8)’=‘–23.5%’to’35.3%

13. Expected’return’=‘17.5%;’ σ’=‘36.3%.’Doubling’your’money’is’a’100%’return,’so’if’the’return’distribut
ion’is’normal,’Z’=‘(100’–’17.5)/36.3’=‘2.27’standard’deviations;’this’is’in-
between’two’and’three’standard’deviations,’so’the’probability’is’small,’somewhere’between’.5%’and’2.
5%’(why?).’Referring’to’the’nearest’Z’table,’the’actual’probability’is’=‘1.152%,’or’about’once’every’10
0’years.’Tripling’your’money’would’be’Z’=‘(200’–
’17.5)/36.3’=‘5.028’standard’deviations;’this’corresponds’to’a’probability’of’(much)’less’than’0.5%,’or’
once’every’200’years.’(The’actual’answer’is’less’than’once’every’1’million’years,’so’don’t’hold’your’br
eath.)

14. Year Common’stocks T-bill’return Risk’premium
1973 –14.69% 7.29% –21.98%
1974 –26.47% 7.99% –34.46%
1975 37.23% 5.87% 31.36%
1796 23.93% 5.07% 18.86%
1977 –7.16% 5.45% –12.61%
sum 12.84% 31.67% –18.83%

a. Annual’risk’premium’=‘Common’stock’return’–’T-bill’return’(see’table’above).
b. Average’returns:’Common’stocks’=‘12.84/5’=‘.0257,’or’2.57%;’ T-
bills’=‘31.67/5’=‘.0633,’or’6.33%;
Risk’premium’=‘–18.83/5’=‘–.0377,’or’–3.77%
c. Common’stocks:’Var’=‘1/4[‘(–.1469’–’.0257)2’+’(–.2647’–’.0257)2’+’(.3723’–’.0257)2’+
(.2393’–’.0257)2’+’(–.0716’–’.0257)2]’=‘.072337
Standard’deviation’=‘(0.072337)1/2’=‘.2690,’or’26.90%
T-bills:’ Var’=‘1/4[(.0729’–’.0633)2’+’(.0799’–’.0633)2’+’(.0587’–’.0633)2’+’(.0507–.0633)2’+
(.0545’–’.0633)2]’=‘.000156

Copyright’2021’©’McGraw-Hill’Education.’All’rights’reserved.’No’reproduction’or’distribution’without
the’prior’written’consent’of’McGraw-Hill’Education.

, Standard’deviation’=‘(.000156)1/2’=‘.0125,’or’1.25%




Copyright’2021’©’McGraw-Hill’Education.’All’rights’reserved.’No’reproduction’or’distribution’without
the’prior’written’consent’of’McGraw-Hill’Education.

Connected book
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Thomas Miller, Professor, Bradford D. Jordan, Professor Loose-Leaf for Fundamentals of Investments
Publisher: 2020 ISBN: 9781260778632 Edition: Unknown

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