NSC 170 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Carb Production - Answers :Produced by photosynthesis
Monosaccharides (simple carbs) - Answers :Glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides (simple carbs) - Answers :Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides - Answers :many monosaccharides linked together
Starch - Answers :storage form of glucose (carbs) in plants
Glycogen - Answers :Animal storage form of glucose. Found in liver and muscles
Fiber - Answers :A complex carbohydrate (0 cal), found in plant foods, that cannot be
broken down (different bond form). Fermented in large intestines
Health Benefits of Fiber - Answers :- Inhibits cholesterol absorption, lowering cholesterol
levels
- Slows glucose absorption
- Keeps you fuller, longer
Carb Digestion - Answers :- Mouth (Salivary Amylase)
- Stomach
- Pancreas (Pancreatic Amylase and sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme)
- Small Intestines (Disaccharides into Monosaccharides)
Insulin - Answers :Hormones that lowers blood glucose levels (pancreas)
Glucagon - Answers :Hormones that raises blood glucose levels (skeletal muscle and
liver)
Krebs cycle - Answers :How we produce ATP (usable energy)
Type 1 & 2 Diabetes - Answers :- Insulin dependent (fruity breath, gain weight, fatigue)
- Insulin (obesity)
Essential Fatty Acids - Answers :Polyunsaturated are needed to produce eicosanoids
-Omega 3's (anti-inflammatory)
-Omega 6's
Trans-fat - Answers :Lower HDL raise LDL (bad)
Sterols - Answers :(Cholesterol) Precursor to : Vit D, testosterone, estrogen, bile
, Digestion and Absorption of Lipids - Answers :(Small intestines) Bile emulsifies fat,
Chylomicrons absoribed into lymphatic system
Lipoproteins - Answers :Fat transporters
Chylomicrons (lipoproteins) - Answers :- composed of triglycerides
- Made in small intestines
- Deliver triglycerides to cells
VLDL - Answers :- composed of triglycerides
- Made in liver from synthesized fat
LDL - Answers :- Composed of cholesterol
- Made in circulation from VLDL
HDL - Answers :- Composed of protein
- Made in liver for reverse cholesterol transport
Essential Amino Acids - Answers :Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by
the body; they must be eatin in foods
Lymph - Answers :Carries dietary fat to large vein
Nervous Tissue - Answers :Utilize chemoreceptors and baroreceptorsam
Stomach - Answers :Gastric Juice & Chyme
Organs in waste removal - Answers :Large intestines, lungs and liver
Liver - Answers :Fat soluble waste dumped in ile
Kidneys - Answers :Water soluble waste dissolved in water, urine stored in bladder
Storage Stystem - Answers :Liver - carbs (glycogen)
Muscles - carbs (glycogen)
Fat cells - fat related
Acid Reflux - Answers :Lower gastroesophageal sphincter
Fat Soluble Vitamin - Answers :Not excreted
- Stored in liver and adipose tissue
Water Soluble Vitamins - Answers :Readily excreted
limited storage
Carb Production - Answers :Produced by photosynthesis
Monosaccharides (simple carbs) - Answers :Glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharides (simple carbs) - Answers :Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides - Answers :many monosaccharides linked together
Starch - Answers :storage form of glucose (carbs) in plants
Glycogen - Answers :Animal storage form of glucose. Found in liver and muscles
Fiber - Answers :A complex carbohydrate (0 cal), found in plant foods, that cannot be
broken down (different bond form). Fermented in large intestines
Health Benefits of Fiber - Answers :- Inhibits cholesterol absorption, lowering cholesterol
levels
- Slows glucose absorption
- Keeps you fuller, longer
Carb Digestion - Answers :- Mouth (Salivary Amylase)
- Stomach
- Pancreas (Pancreatic Amylase and sodium bicarbonate - neutralizes chyme)
- Small Intestines (Disaccharides into Monosaccharides)
Insulin - Answers :Hormones that lowers blood glucose levels (pancreas)
Glucagon - Answers :Hormones that raises blood glucose levels (skeletal muscle and
liver)
Krebs cycle - Answers :How we produce ATP (usable energy)
Type 1 & 2 Diabetes - Answers :- Insulin dependent (fruity breath, gain weight, fatigue)
- Insulin (obesity)
Essential Fatty Acids - Answers :Polyunsaturated are needed to produce eicosanoids
-Omega 3's (anti-inflammatory)
-Omega 6's
Trans-fat - Answers :Lower HDL raise LDL (bad)
Sterols - Answers :(Cholesterol) Precursor to : Vit D, testosterone, estrogen, bile
, Digestion and Absorption of Lipids - Answers :(Small intestines) Bile emulsifies fat,
Chylomicrons absoribed into lymphatic system
Lipoproteins - Answers :Fat transporters
Chylomicrons (lipoproteins) - Answers :- composed of triglycerides
- Made in small intestines
- Deliver triglycerides to cells
VLDL - Answers :- composed of triglycerides
- Made in liver from synthesized fat
LDL - Answers :- Composed of cholesterol
- Made in circulation from VLDL
HDL - Answers :- Composed of protein
- Made in liver for reverse cholesterol transport
Essential Amino Acids - Answers :Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by
the body; they must be eatin in foods
Lymph - Answers :Carries dietary fat to large vein
Nervous Tissue - Answers :Utilize chemoreceptors and baroreceptorsam
Stomach - Answers :Gastric Juice & Chyme
Organs in waste removal - Answers :Large intestines, lungs and liver
Liver - Answers :Fat soluble waste dumped in ile
Kidneys - Answers :Water soluble waste dissolved in water, urine stored in bladder
Storage Stystem - Answers :Liver - carbs (glycogen)
Muscles - carbs (glycogen)
Fat cells - fat related
Acid Reflux - Answers :Lower gastroesophageal sphincter
Fat Soluble Vitamin - Answers :Not excreted
- Stored in liver and adipose tissue
Water Soluble Vitamins - Answers :Readily excreted
limited storage
