Rate the body systems in order of decreasing radio-sensitivity. - ANSWER 1. Hematopoietic,
Reproductive (2-5 Gy)
2. Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy)
3. Bone and cartilage
4. Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas
5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord (20 Gy)
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each? - ANSWER Mitosis (M), Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2
(G2)
a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2
b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Cerebellum:
a. Function
b. Location - ANSWER a. Motor control, balance
b. Directly posterior to the brain stem.
Cerebrum:
a. Function and properties
b. Divisions - ANSWER a. Higher functions: thought, action.
b. 4 lobes: frontal (anterior), parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Cerebral cortex - ANSWER Sheet of neural tissue outermost to the cerebrum. Grey matter
,Brain steam function - ANSWER Basic vital life functions (breathing, heartbeat, etc.
Corpus callosum - ANSWER Connects the two parts of the cerebrum.
{Lets the two hemispheres talk to each other, i.e. "call" each other}
Alveoli
a. Location
b. Function - ANSWER a. Lungs
b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
Hiatal hernia
a. Describe condition
b. Imaging modality to diagnose? - ANSWER a. Part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest through
opening in the diaphragm.
b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
Upper gastrointestinal. - ANSWER UGI. Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower gastrointestinal - ANSWER LGI. Small and Large intestine. Stool.
US transducers:
a. What is the angle of orientation of the two surfaces?
b. How thick are the transducers in terms of the wavelength?
c. Are the pressure waves and voltage in phase or out of phase? - ANSWER a. 180 degrees.
b. lambda/2
c. pressure: in phase. Voltage: out of phase.
Stroke
, a. Describe
b. Effects - ANSWER a. sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood
vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
b. Loss of brain function, ischemia, hemorrhage
Ischemia - ANSWER Insufficient blood flow to an area
Hemorrhage - ANSWER Flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels.
Transurethral resection - ANSWER Small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure (typically prostate) are
removed through the wall of the urethra.
Foramen magnum - ANSWER A large hole in the occipital bone (base of skull) for the passage of nerves
into the spinal cord.
Liver cirrhosis
a. Describe
b. Causes
c. Effects - ANSWER a. Cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue that
surrounds the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles, impeding the circulation of blood through
the liver.
b. Caused by chronic alcohol abuse (alcoholism); hepatitis B, C, and D (causes liver inflammation and
injury leading to cirrhosis); and ingestion of poisons.
c. Hypertension, intestine bleeding.
Sarcoidosis - ANSWER Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in
lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
Meiosis
a. Describe
Reproductive (2-5 Gy)
2. Skin, cornea, lens of eyes, GI organs (10 Gy)
3. Bone and cartilage
4. Lungs, kidneys, Liver, Pancreas
5. Muscle, brain, nerves, spinal cord (20 Gy)
a. What are the components of the cell cycle & their order?
b. What is the relative radio-sensitivity of each? - ANSWER Mitosis (M), Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2
(G2)
a. M -> G1 -> S -> G2
b. M > G2 > G1 > S
Cerebellum:
a. Function
b. Location - ANSWER a. Motor control, balance
b. Directly posterior to the brain stem.
Cerebrum:
a. Function and properties
b. Divisions - ANSWER a. Higher functions: thought, action.
b. 4 lobes: frontal (anterior), parietal (superior), occipital (posterior), temporal (lateral x 2).
Cerebral cortex - ANSWER Sheet of neural tissue outermost to the cerebrum. Grey matter
,Brain steam function - ANSWER Basic vital life functions (breathing, heartbeat, etc.
Corpus callosum - ANSWER Connects the two parts of the cerebrum.
{Lets the two hemispheres talk to each other, i.e. "call" each other}
Alveoli
a. Location
b. Function - ANSWER a. Lungs
b. Air-lung interface. Diffusion of O2, CO2.
Hiatal hernia
a. Describe condition
b. Imaging modality to diagnose? - ANSWER a. Part of the stomach sticks upward into the chest through
opening in the diaphragm.
b. UGI x-ray after ingestion of barium.
Upper gastrointestinal. - ANSWER UGI. Esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Lower gastrointestinal - ANSWER LGI. Small and Large intestine. Stool.
US transducers:
a. What is the angle of orientation of the two surfaces?
b. How thick are the transducers in terms of the wavelength?
c. Are the pressure waves and voltage in phase or out of phase? - ANSWER a. 180 degrees.
b. lambda/2
c. pressure: in phase. Voltage: out of phase.
Stroke
, a. Describe
b. Effects - ANSWER a. sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion of a blood
vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain
b. Loss of brain function, ischemia, hemorrhage
Ischemia - ANSWER Insufficient blood flow to an area
Hemorrhage - ANSWER Flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels.
Transurethral resection - ANSWER Small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure (typically prostate) are
removed through the wall of the urethra.
Foramen magnum - ANSWER A large hole in the occipital bone (base of skull) for the passage of nerves
into the spinal cord.
Liver cirrhosis
a. Describe
b. Causes
c. Effects - ANSWER a. Cells are progressively destroyed and replaced by fatty and fibrous tissue that
surrounds the intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary radicles, impeding the circulation of blood through
the liver.
b. Caused by chronic alcohol abuse (alcoholism); hepatitis B, C, and D (causes liver inflammation and
injury leading to cirrhosis); and ingestion of poisons.
c. Hypertension, intestine bleeding.
Sarcoidosis - ANSWER Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in
lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs
Meiosis
a. Describe
