CRJS 475 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Graded A+
The decision in Carroll v. U.S. (1925) created the vehicle exception to the warrant requirement. How did
this decision change the requirements for searches of vehicles as compared to those of homes? -
Answers The warrant requirement was removed in vehicle searches, unlike the warrant required when
searching homes.
In the absence of an arrest, what is the difference between searches of containers in vehicles before and
after SCOTUS' ruling in California v. Acevedo (1991)? - Answers Until 1991, officers could only perform
warrantless searches of containers in vehicles if they had separate probable cause to search both the
vehicle and the container; after 1991, officers with probable cause could perform warrantless searches
of containers in vehicles.
Which statement correctly explains the rules for searching individuals during traffic stops according to
the decision in Terry v. Ohio (1968)? - Answers Police may briefly detain, question, and conduct a limited
pat down of a suspect during a traffic stop without a warrant or probable cause.
In Pennsylvania v. Mimms (1977), SCOTUS ruled that officers could order drivers out of cars during traffic
stops without violating the Fourth Amendment under what circumstance? - Answers when the motor
vehicle has been lawfully detained
What does it likely mean if police ask suspects for consent to search their vehicles? - Answers They don't
have probable cause to search.
What overarching societal fear in the early 1900s led SCOTUS to expand the Fourth Amendment
interpretation to include reduced expectations of privacy in vehicles? - Answers fear of alcohol-related
crimes
Emergency searches are best described as ____________. - Answers searches executed without
warrants due to the impracticality or danger in requiring officers to obtain warrants before they search
Justice Jackson believed that rights against uncontrolled searches and seizures were ____________. -
Answers indispensable freedoms
Searches of lawfully arrested individuals conducted without additional probable cause are called
____________. - Answers searches incident to arrest
When applying the voluntariness test of consent to search, courts focus on whether a(n) ____________.
- Answers officer reasonably believed a suspect consented voluntarily
As far back as the late 1700s, searches of ships did not require warrants, while searches of homes
required warrants and probable cause. Which of the following statements explains why? - Answers A
ship's mobility allowed the owner to move it quickly out of reach of a search.
Which of the following statements explains the difference between actual authority consent and
apparent authority consent? - Answers Actual authority consent takes place when someone has the
, legal authority to consent to a search for another individual; apparent authority consent takes place
when officers believe someone has legal authority to consent to a search for another.
In consent searches, individuals ____________. - Answers give officers who don't have probable cause
or a warrant permission to search their persons, belongings, and homes
In California v. Acevedo (1991), SCOTUS ruled that searching containers in vehicles ____________. -
Answers requires no warrant when there is probable cause
How did the Robinson rule clarify the rules of searches incident to arrests? - Answers The Robinson rule
clarified the scope of the search allowed as incident to arrest.
In its ruling supporting strip searches in jails, against what does SCOTUS balance against a potentially
innocent individual's right to privacy? - Answers the special need to maintain security, safety, and
discipline in jail
How does SCOTUS's view compare to some circuit court's opinions on strip searching people arrested
for minor offenses? - Answers SCOTUS believes it is reasonable, but some circuit courts feel it is a
violation of the Fourth Amendment.
What is the reason given as to why strip searches continued in New York City after they were ruled
illegal by an appellate court in 1986? - Answers Corrections officers and guards were not aware that the
searches were deemed illegal.
Under the terms of the settlement, each individual who was subjected to an illegal search is entitled to
claim an amount from ____________ to ____________. - Answers $250; $22,000
In the video, the mayor and law enforcement officials for the city of New York ____________ strip
searches for all detainees, regardless of the level of their offenses. - Answers argue in support of
SCOTUS has determined that the airport searches are required to ____________. - Answers protect the
safety and security of all air travelers
The courts have adopted three justifications for applying the balancing test to searches in student
dormitories. They include the "special relationship" between students and schools, the school's duty to
provide the appropriate environment for learning, and ____________. - Answers exigent circumstances
that require immediate action
The courts have determined that schools and universities must balance what two issues when
determining whether a search is an invasion of privacy? - Answers an individual student's right to privacy
and a desired campus environment
When considering the Fourth Amendment, how do private school officials and public school officials
differ? - Answers The Fourth Amendment binds public college officials.
The decision in Carroll v. U.S. (1925) created the vehicle exception to the warrant requirement. How did
this decision change the requirements for searches of vehicles as compared to those of homes? -
Answers The warrant requirement was removed in vehicle searches, unlike the warrant required when
searching homes.
In the absence of an arrest, what is the difference between searches of containers in vehicles before and
after SCOTUS' ruling in California v. Acevedo (1991)? - Answers Until 1991, officers could only perform
warrantless searches of containers in vehicles if they had separate probable cause to search both the
vehicle and the container; after 1991, officers with probable cause could perform warrantless searches
of containers in vehicles.
Which statement correctly explains the rules for searching individuals during traffic stops according to
the decision in Terry v. Ohio (1968)? - Answers Police may briefly detain, question, and conduct a limited
pat down of a suspect during a traffic stop without a warrant or probable cause.
In Pennsylvania v. Mimms (1977), SCOTUS ruled that officers could order drivers out of cars during traffic
stops without violating the Fourth Amendment under what circumstance? - Answers when the motor
vehicle has been lawfully detained
What does it likely mean if police ask suspects for consent to search their vehicles? - Answers They don't
have probable cause to search.
What overarching societal fear in the early 1900s led SCOTUS to expand the Fourth Amendment
interpretation to include reduced expectations of privacy in vehicles? - Answers fear of alcohol-related
crimes
Emergency searches are best described as ____________. - Answers searches executed without
warrants due to the impracticality or danger in requiring officers to obtain warrants before they search
Justice Jackson believed that rights against uncontrolled searches and seizures were ____________. -
Answers indispensable freedoms
Searches of lawfully arrested individuals conducted without additional probable cause are called
____________. - Answers searches incident to arrest
When applying the voluntariness test of consent to search, courts focus on whether a(n) ____________.
- Answers officer reasonably believed a suspect consented voluntarily
As far back as the late 1700s, searches of ships did not require warrants, while searches of homes
required warrants and probable cause. Which of the following statements explains why? - Answers A
ship's mobility allowed the owner to move it quickly out of reach of a search.
Which of the following statements explains the difference between actual authority consent and
apparent authority consent? - Answers Actual authority consent takes place when someone has the
, legal authority to consent to a search for another individual; apparent authority consent takes place
when officers believe someone has legal authority to consent to a search for another.
In consent searches, individuals ____________. - Answers give officers who don't have probable cause
or a warrant permission to search their persons, belongings, and homes
In California v. Acevedo (1991), SCOTUS ruled that searching containers in vehicles ____________. -
Answers requires no warrant when there is probable cause
How did the Robinson rule clarify the rules of searches incident to arrests? - Answers The Robinson rule
clarified the scope of the search allowed as incident to arrest.
In its ruling supporting strip searches in jails, against what does SCOTUS balance against a potentially
innocent individual's right to privacy? - Answers the special need to maintain security, safety, and
discipline in jail
How does SCOTUS's view compare to some circuit court's opinions on strip searching people arrested
for minor offenses? - Answers SCOTUS believes it is reasonable, but some circuit courts feel it is a
violation of the Fourth Amendment.
What is the reason given as to why strip searches continued in New York City after they were ruled
illegal by an appellate court in 1986? - Answers Corrections officers and guards were not aware that the
searches were deemed illegal.
Under the terms of the settlement, each individual who was subjected to an illegal search is entitled to
claim an amount from ____________ to ____________. - Answers $250; $22,000
In the video, the mayor and law enforcement officials for the city of New York ____________ strip
searches for all detainees, regardless of the level of their offenses. - Answers argue in support of
SCOTUS has determined that the airport searches are required to ____________. - Answers protect the
safety and security of all air travelers
The courts have adopted three justifications for applying the balancing test to searches in student
dormitories. They include the "special relationship" between students and schools, the school's duty to
provide the appropriate environment for learning, and ____________. - Answers exigent circumstances
that require immediate action
The courts have determined that schools and universities must balance what two issues when
determining whether a search is an invasion of privacy? - Answers an individual student's right to privacy
and a desired campus environment
When considering the Fourth Amendment, how do private school officials and public school officials
differ? - Answers The Fourth Amendment binds public college officials.
