Human Factors Engineering UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
multiple resource theory - CORRECT ANSWER - dual task performance can be improved
if the tasks put demands on different resources --> to maximize performance, offload most used
senses; ex: use visual and auditory cues instead of just visual
SEEV model - CORRECT ANSWER - salience, effort, expectancy, value
visual cues benefits - CORRECT ANSWER - more info; can direct vision; can be
referenced later
auditory cues benefits - CORRECT ANSWER - can't be ignored; omnidirectional; easier
to deliver to more people
normative model - CORRECT ANSWER - unbounded rationality = limitless info, time,
capability; unhuman/utopian --> Spock; "can only go down from this baseline"
bounded rationality - CORRECT ANSWER - recognize humans as limited --> by available
info, cognitive ability & time constraints; "satisfice" = find first dx & tx that will satisfy &
suffice
naturalistic decision making - CORRECT ANSWER - recognition-primed decision-
making model --> diagnostic loop & tx loop; can be instantaneous (intuitive) or more extensive
if complex/unknown situation (analytical)
task analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - describes HOW humans interact w/ a system and
WHY --> serve as guidelines for design; safety; satisfaction
perform task analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - define purpose & ID required data; collect
task data; summarize; analyze
, iterative design process - CORRECT ANSWER - prototype --> evaluate --> redesign -->
repeat
high fidelity prototype - CORRECT ANSWER - more like final product
low fidelity prototype - CORRECT ANSWER - example would be pen & paper mockup
sensitivity (d') - CORRECT ANSWER - represents bottom-up processing; influences
operator skill & noise-to-signal strength ratio
response bias (beta) - CORRECT ANSWER - top-down processing; probability of
operator to say "yes"; influences operator expectancy & cost/benefit of miss
interventions for sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - cognitive screening, work-rest
cycles, slow down signal presentation, training, more eyes
interventions for response bias - CORRECT ANSWER - introduce false signals, incentives
6 Laws of Attention - CORRECT ANSWER - limited resource; selective; consciousness
requires attention; attention doesn't require consciousness; all tasks require some degree; all tasks
have OPTIMAL level
prospective memory - CORRECT ANSWER - remembering to remember to do something
cognitive ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER - deals with mental processes like
perception & memory and how they affect interactions among humans and a system
HFE - CORRECT ANSWER - understanding the fit between people and their
environments and matching the design of those environments to meet the person's needs
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
multiple resource theory - CORRECT ANSWER - dual task performance can be improved
if the tasks put demands on different resources --> to maximize performance, offload most used
senses; ex: use visual and auditory cues instead of just visual
SEEV model - CORRECT ANSWER - salience, effort, expectancy, value
visual cues benefits - CORRECT ANSWER - more info; can direct vision; can be
referenced later
auditory cues benefits - CORRECT ANSWER - can't be ignored; omnidirectional; easier
to deliver to more people
normative model - CORRECT ANSWER - unbounded rationality = limitless info, time,
capability; unhuman/utopian --> Spock; "can only go down from this baseline"
bounded rationality - CORRECT ANSWER - recognize humans as limited --> by available
info, cognitive ability & time constraints; "satisfice" = find first dx & tx that will satisfy &
suffice
naturalistic decision making - CORRECT ANSWER - recognition-primed decision-
making model --> diagnostic loop & tx loop; can be instantaneous (intuitive) or more extensive
if complex/unknown situation (analytical)
task analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - describes HOW humans interact w/ a system and
WHY --> serve as guidelines for design; safety; satisfaction
perform task analysis - CORRECT ANSWER - define purpose & ID required data; collect
task data; summarize; analyze
, iterative design process - CORRECT ANSWER - prototype --> evaluate --> redesign -->
repeat
high fidelity prototype - CORRECT ANSWER - more like final product
low fidelity prototype - CORRECT ANSWER - example would be pen & paper mockup
sensitivity (d') - CORRECT ANSWER - represents bottom-up processing; influences
operator skill & noise-to-signal strength ratio
response bias (beta) - CORRECT ANSWER - top-down processing; probability of
operator to say "yes"; influences operator expectancy & cost/benefit of miss
interventions for sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER - cognitive screening, work-rest
cycles, slow down signal presentation, training, more eyes
interventions for response bias - CORRECT ANSWER - introduce false signals, incentives
6 Laws of Attention - CORRECT ANSWER - limited resource; selective; consciousness
requires attention; attention doesn't require consciousness; all tasks require some degree; all tasks
have OPTIMAL level
prospective memory - CORRECT ANSWER - remembering to remember to do something
cognitive ergonomics - CORRECT ANSWER - deals with mental processes like
perception & memory and how they affect interactions among humans and a system
HFE - CORRECT ANSWER - understanding the fit between people and their
environments and matching the design of those environments to meet the person's needs
