NSG 311, Neurologic Exam Questions All Answers New Update

NSG 311, Neurologic Exam Questions All Answers New Update central nervous system - Answers - brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system - Answers - nerves meninges - Answers - membranes that encase the CNS cerebrospinal fluid - Answers - plasmalike liquid that fills the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater layers to provide additional cushion and support ventricles - Answers - interconnected, hollow areas of the brain where CSF is produced, fills, and flows neuroglia cells - Answers - scaffold neural tissue, isolate and protect neuron cell membranes, regulate interstitial fluid, defend the neuron against pathogens, and assist with neural repair - oxygen - glucose - Answers - What do neurons need a constant supply of? axons - Answers - projection that transmit impulses away from the cell body dendrites - Answers - projection that transmit impulses toward the cell body terminal boutons - Answers - tiny bulges at the end of the axon that communicate with neurons, muscle fibers, or glands myelin sheath - Answers - surrounds some axons and increases the rate of impulse transmission Schwann cells - Answers - produce the myelin sheath nodes of Ranvier - Answers - separate Schwann cells white matter - Answers - bundle of myelinated nerves synapse - Answers - gap between neurons presynaptic terminal - Answers - terminal bouton or some similar structure synaptic cleft - Answers - space between neurons postsynaptic cell membrane - Answers - opposite end to the presynaptic terminal action potential - Answers - ability to create ionic changes resting potential - Answers - charge at rest cerebrum - Answers - - largest of the regions - controls the higher thought processes cerebral cortex - Answers - thin layer of gray matter gyri - Answers - numerous folds that increase the surface area sulci - Answers - grooves in between the gyri frontal lobe - Answers - facilitates voluntary motor activity and plays a role in personality traits parietal lobe - Answers - receives and interprets sensory input with the exception of smell, hearing, and vision occipital lobe - Answers - processes visual information temporal lobe - Answers - essential for hearing and memory motor - Answers - stimulates muscle activity sensory - Answers - receives sensory information association - Answers - integrates information and initiates coordinated responses thalamus - Answers - receives and relays most of the sensory input, affects mood, and initiates body movements subthalamus - Answers - participates in motor activities hypothalamus - Answers - most inferior portion of the diencephalon that regulates many bodily functions brain stem - Answers - - crucial for many basic body functions - collaborates with the hypothalamus to regulate vital activities - main thoroughfare for information traveling to and from the brain pons - Answers - contains nerves that regulate sleep and breathing midbrain - Answers - smallest region of the brain, and it acts as a relay station for auditory and visual information and controls the visual and auditory systems as well as eye movement medulla - Answers - conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve tracts that coordinates heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing reticular formation - Answers - - acts like a gatekeeper, receiving all incoming and outgoing information - sends impulses to the cerebral cortex through specialized nerve fibers that make up the reticular activation system - activation system are responsible for alertness during the day and can prevent sleeping at night cerebellum - Answers - communicates with other regions of the brain to coordinate the synergistic motion of muscle movement and balance as well as cognition basal ganglia - Answers - lies deep within the cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain and plays a pivotal role in coordination, motor movement, and posture limbic system - Answers - includes portions of the cerebrum and diencephalon and works in conjunction with the hypothalamus to influence instinctive behavior, emotions, motivation, mood, pain, and pleasure cauda equine - Answers - individual nerve roots at L2 ascending fibers - Answers - - afferent tracts - carry sensory information in the form of action potentials from the periphery back to the brain