RUSVM Micro Anatomy Exam 3 2025

List the functions of the respiratory system: - Correct Ans-Air conduction/ gas exchange Phonation Olfaction Heat Regulation Conditioning Air for better breathing Protection Acid/ base regulation Hormone Conversion What composes the Conductive System subdivision of the Respiratory System? - Correct Ans-Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi What composes the Transitional System subdivision of the Respiratory System? - Correct Ans-Terminal Bronchioles What composes the Gas Exchange System subdivision of the Respiratory System? - Correct Ans-Respiratory bronchioles Alveoli What are the three subdivisions of the respiratory system? - Correct Ans-conducting system transitional system gas exchange system What are the functions of the conducting system? - Correct Ans-Brings air to the respiratory portion Cleans, moistens, and warms incoming air How does the conductive system condition air? - Correct Ans-Blood in the venous plexuses in the mucous membranes regulate the temperature Hair and secretions in the nasal cavity trap particulates What are Kupffer cells? - Correct Ans-Liver macrophages What are the terminal bronchioles lined by? - Correct Ans-Club cells non-ciliated secretory cells A few ciliated cells What are alveoli? - Correct Ans-thin walled structures that are enveloped in a rich network of capillaries Alveoli are lined by ________________________ and __________________________ - Correct Ans-Type I Epithelial cells Type II Pneumonocytes Describe the passage of air through the respiratory tree - Correct Ans-Nasal cavity nasopharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles exchange respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs alveoli What are the non-specific defense mechanisms of the respiratory system? - Correct Ans-mucous trapping mucociliary clearance phagocytosis air turbulence What are the specific defense mechanisms of the respiratory system? - Correct Ans-antibodies antibody mediated phagocytosis cell mediated immunity The nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchi are lined by ___________________________ - Correct Ans-ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with secretory goblet cells, and submucosal serous cells Which category is pseudo stratified columnar epithelium classified? - Correct Ans-simple epithelia What type of cells line the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity? - Correct Ans-pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells What glands are used for olfaction? - Correct Ans-Bowman's glands The submucosa of the nasal cavity supports the: - Correct Ans-lamina propria Olfactory epithelium contains: - Correct Ans-olfactory sensory cells The three regions of the left and right nasal cartilaginous septum are: - Correct Ans-vestibular region respiratory region olfactory region describe the vestibular region of the nasal cartilaginous septum - Correct Ans-external part of the nasal cavity that has a cutaneous mucous membrane, hair, and glands The vestibular region is lined by: - Correct Ans-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium What is the mucociliary apparatus? - Correct Ans-The largest part of the nasal cavity Lined with pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epithelium and goblet cells Responsible for clearance What are the projections that increase surface area of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called? - Correct Ans-conchae turbinates What do goblet cells produce? - Correct Ans-mucinogen granules What might cause hyperplasia of the cilia in the trachea? - Correct Ans-injury such as smoking What is metaplasia? - Correct Ans-a change from ciliated stratified epithelium to squamous stratified epithelium Each ciliated epithelial cell has approximately _____ cilia and are connected by ___________ - Correct Ans-250 gap junctions What is the difference between respiratory and olfactory epithelium? - Correct Ans-Olfactory epithelium is thicker and lacks goble