Bio 1A03 Exam Questions With Correct
Solved Solutions.
Human Microbiome - Answer 10 trillion eukary cells in adult human, 10x as many bacterial (2-
3% body mass)
Strepro Salivarius - Answer Mouth/upper resp
Staph Haemolyticus - Answer Skin
Bacteriodes Theta - Answer Intestines
C diff - Answer Intestines
Phospholipids - Answer Glycerol + phosphate with fatty acid tails (saturated = single,
unsaturated = double), non polar tails and polar heads
Cell Environment - Answer Hypertonic soln = too much outside, they shrivel up
Fluidity of Membranes - Answer 1. Saturation (saturated pack tighter, less fluid)
2. #Carbons, more creates kinks and increases fluidity
3. Temp (high = more fluid)
4. Cholesterol (high fluidity from lots at low temp or little at high temp)
Membrane Fluidity Test - Answer Bleach parts and see if they distrubute, if yes high fluidity (ie
high in ER, low in nuclear memb.)
Fluid Mosaic Model - Answer membranes have proteins and carbs (amphipathic) embedded in
a fluid phospholipid bilayer
Passive/Simple Diffusion - Answer from areas of high to low concentration (along gradient)
, Osmosis - Answer transport of water across membranes (passive transport) can use
aquaporins
Active Transport - Answer molecules move against the conc gradient using energy from
hydrolysis of ATP
Primary Active - directly ATP dependent (ie sodium potassium pump)
Secondary Active - indirect ATP use
Endosymbiotic Theory - Answer bacterial cells inhabit proto-eurkary cell, mutually beneficial
Chloroplasts = cyanobacteria
Mitochon. = aerobic bacteria
(temp relationship becomes permanent and heritable)
Cellular Respiration - Answer - Glycolysis in cytosol
- Pyruvate oxidation gives pyruvate
- Krebs cycle
- Mitochondria has ETC in cristae where most ATP is created (36 theoretical ATP, not counting
glycolysis)
- Fats and proteins can be converted to components which enter cellular respiration, not just
sugar
○ When all three are available carbs first, then fat, then protein
- ATP fuels processes bc it has a high potential energy (three phosphate groups with 4 negative
charges in close proximity)
- ATP hydrolysis is a highly exergonic reaction
Mechanical, transport, and chemical work done with this energy
Endomembrane System - Answer group of organelles in eukaryotic cells that performs most
lipid and protein synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes
Camels - Answer Hump stores up to 80lbs fat, enough energy for 2 weeks
Can be a source of water when metabolized, O needed to be final electron acceptor
Huge nostrils & dry feces
Solved Solutions.
Human Microbiome - Answer 10 trillion eukary cells in adult human, 10x as many bacterial (2-
3% body mass)
Strepro Salivarius - Answer Mouth/upper resp
Staph Haemolyticus - Answer Skin
Bacteriodes Theta - Answer Intestines
C diff - Answer Intestines
Phospholipids - Answer Glycerol + phosphate with fatty acid tails (saturated = single,
unsaturated = double), non polar tails and polar heads
Cell Environment - Answer Hypertonic soln = too much outside, they shrivel up
Fluidity of Membranes - Answer 1. Saturation (saturated pack tighter, less fluid)
2. #Carbons, more creates kinks and increases fluidity
3. Temp (high = more fluid)
4. Cholesterol (high fluidity from lots at low temp or little at high temp)
Membrane Fluidity Test - Answer Bleach parts and see if they distrubute, if yes high fluidity (ie
high in ER, low in nuclear memb.)
Fluid Mosaic Model - Answer membranes have proteins and carbs (amphipathic) embedded in
a fluid phospholipid bilayer
Passive/Simple Diffusion - Answer from areas of high to low concentration (along gradient)
, Osmosis - Answer transport of water across membranes (passive transport) can use
aquaporins
Active Transport - Answer molecules move against the conc gradient using energy from
hydrolysis of ATP
Primary Active - directly ATP dependent (ie sodium potassium pump)
Secondary Active - indirect ATP use
Endosymbiotic Theory - Answer bacterial cells inhabit proto-eurkary cell, mutually beneficial
Chloroplasts = cyanobacteria
Mitochon. = aerobic bacteria
(temp relationship becomes permanent and heritable)
Cellular Respiration - Answer - Glycolysis in cytosol
- Pyruvate oxidation gives pyruvate
- Krebs cycle
- Mitochondria has ETC in cristae where most ATP is created (36 theoretical ATP, not counting
glycolysis)
- Fats and proteins can be converted to components which enter cellular respiration, not just
sugar
○ When all three are available carbs first, then fat, then protein
- ATP fuels processes bc it has a high potential energy (three phosphate groups with 4 negative
charges in close proximity)
- ATP hydrolysis is a highly exergonic reaction
Mechanical, transport, and chemical work done with this energy
Endomembrane System - Answer group of organelles in eukaryotic cells that performs most
lipid and protein synthesis, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosomes
Camels - Answer Hump stores up to 80lbs fat, enough energy for 2 weeks
Can be a source of water when metabolized, O needed to be final electron acceptor
Huge nostrils & dry feces
