BIO 1A03 Test 2 Questions And Already
Passed Answers.
one gene-one enzyme hypothesis - Answer each gene contains the information needed to
make an enzyme
What did George Beadle and Edward Tatum research? - Answer Relationship between genes
and proteins using the Neurospora Crassa
One gene-one enzyme hypothosis (Neuroposa Example) - Answer Neurospora can grow well
on minimal medium (simple sugar, vitamins, inorganic salts), and therefore it must have
enzymes produced by a certain gene that that transform these materials into amino acids and
vitamins needed for growth.
Metabolic pathway of Arginine - Answer Precursor, Ornithine, Citrulline, Arginine
Adrian Srb and Norman Horowitz - Answer Radiation treated neurospora to create mutations
in DNA code. They identified three mutants
Medium supplemented with arginine - Answer POSITIVE CONTROL (Growth)
Non-supplemented medium - Answer No Growth
Exceptions to one gene one enzyme hypothesis - Answer More than one protein can be
produced from a single gene - post translational modification of proteins allows for the
production of diverse proteins with specific roles
What allows of the synthesis of a polypeptide chain during translation? - Answer GTP-
dependent factors
Where does the majority of glucose absorption take place? - Answer Microvilli cells of the
small intestine
How many amino acids are translated from the insulin gene - Answer 110 amino acids
,Beta chain - Answer 30 amino acids
Preproinsulin - Answer Protein cleaved to become proinsulin which is cleaved to become
insulin
How do you get from preproinsulin to proinsulin - Answer Cleavage of the n-terminal signal
sequence
Proinsulin to insulin - Answer Undergoes folding, goes from rough ER to Golgi, where cleavage
of c-chain occurs
List postranslational modifications - Answer Cleavage, phosphorylation, methylation,
acetylation
Phosporylation - Answer The adding of a phospate to a molecule using kinase enzyme
Receptors - Answer Proteins that receive and interpret messages from signalling molecules
dimerization - Answer pairing of two receptor-hormone complexes
glucose transporters - Answer proteins that assist in the transport of glucose molecules across
cell membranes
location of translation - Answer cytoplasm
Number of anticodon loops on tRNA - Answer 3
Direction of Anticodon - Answer 3' to 5'
What is the point of attachment for the amino acid to the tRNA - Answer terminal adenine
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - Answer An enzyme that joins each amino acid to the appropriate
, How many codons are there? - Answer 64
How many tRNAs are there? - Answer 45
tRNA wobble - Answer Accurate base pairing is required only in the first 2 nucleotide positions
of an mRNA codon, so codons differing in the 3rd "wobble" position may code for the same
tRNA/aa (due to degeneracy of genetic code).
eukaryotic initiation of translation - Answer 1. Initiation complex forms near the 5' cap of
mRNA
2. Scans DNA until AUG codon is found
Prokaryotic Initiation of Translation - Answer Initiation complexes form at ribosome binding
sites called Shine-Dalgarno sequences (few bp upstream of AUG)
polycistronic mRNA - Answer A single molecule of messenger RNA that is formed by the
transcription of a group of functionally related genes located next to one another along
bacterial DNA.
Factors required for assmbly - Answer Initiation Factors
Delivery of charged tRNA - Answer Elongation factors
Termination - Answer Release factors, driven by GTP hydrolysis
Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation - Answer Two ribosomal subunits,
the mRNA that requires translation, the charged tRNA methionine and initiation factors that will
help with assembling the initiation complex.
Where do amino acids bind on mRNA? - Answer A site
peptidyl-transferase reaction - Answer reaction that bonds each amino acid being added to
the growing polypeptide chain though a condensation reaction and peptide bond formation
Passed Answers.
one gene-one enzyme hypothesis - Answer each gene contains the information needed to
make an enzyme
What did George Beadle and Edward Tatum research? - Answer Relationship between genes
and proteins using the Neurospora Crassa
One gene-one enzyme hypothosis (Neuroposa Example) - Answer Neurospora can grow well
on minimal medium (simple sugar, vitamins, inorganic salts), and therefore it must have
enzymes produced by a certain gene that that transform these materials into amino acids and
vitamins needed for growth.
Metabolic pathway of Arginine - Answer Precursor, Ornithine, Citrulline, Arginine
Adrian Srb and Norman Horowitz - Answer Radiation treated neurospora to create mutations
in DNA code. They identified three mutants
Medium supplemented with arginine - Answer POSITIVE CONTROL (Growth)
Non-supplemented medium - Answer No Growth
Exceptions to one gene one enzyme hypothesis - Answer More than one protein can be
produced from a single gene - post translational modification of proteins allows for the
production of diverse proteins with specific roles
What allows of the synthesis of a polypeptide chain during translation? - Answer GTP-
dependent factors
Where does the majority of glucose absorption take place? - Answer Microvilli cells of the
small intestine
How many amino acids are translated from the insulin gene - Answer 110 amino acids
,Beta chain - Answer 30 amino acids
Preproinsulin - Answer Protein cleaved to become proinsulin which is cleaved to become
insulin
How do you get from preproinsulin to proinsulin - Answer Cleavage of the n-terminal signal
sequence
Proinsulin to insulin - Answer Undergoes folding, goes from rough ER to Golgi, where cleavage
of c-chain occurs
List postranslational modifications - Answer Cleavage, phosphorylation, methylation,
acetylation
Phosporylation - Answer The adding of a phospate to a molecule using kinase enzyme
Receptors - Answer Proteins that receive and interpret messages from signalling molecules
dimerization - Answer pairing of two receptor-hormone complexes
glucose transporters - Answer proteins that assist in the transport of glucose molecules across
cell membranes
location of translation - Answer cytoplasm
Number of anticodon loops on tRNA - Answer 3
Direction of Anticodon - Answer 3' to 5'
What is the point of attachment for the amino acid to the tRNA - Answer terminal adenine
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - Answer An enzyme that joins each amino acid to the appropriate
, How many codons are there? - Answer 64
How many tRNAs are there? - Answer 45
tRNA wobble - Answer Accurate base pairing is required only in the first 2 nucleotide positions
of an mRNA codon, so codons differing in the 3rd "wobble" position may code for the same
tRNA/aa (due to degeneracy of genetic code).
eukaryotic initiation of translation - Answer 1. Initiation complex forms near the 5' cap of
mRNA
2. Scans DNA until AUG codon is found
Prokaryotic Initiation of Translation - Answer Initiation complexes form at ribosome binding
sites called Shine-Dalgarno sequences (few bp upstream of AUG)
polycistronic mRNA - Answer A single molecule of messenger RNA that is formed by the
transcription of a group of functionally related genes located next to one another along
bacterial DNA.
Factors required for assmbly - Answer Initiation Factors
Delivery of charged tRNA - Answer Elongation factors
Termination - Answer Release factors, driven by GTP hydrolysis
Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation - Answer Two ribosomal subunits,
the mRNA that requires translation, the charged tRNA methionine and initiation factors that will
help with assembling the initiation complex.
Where do amino acids bind on mRNA? - Answer A site
peptidyl-transferase reaction - Answer reaction that bonds each amino acid being added to
the growing polypeptide chain though a condensation reaction and peptide bond formation
