Cedarville A&P 1 Exam 1
Compare and contrast intramembranous and encochondral ossification - ANSWER-
Compare: both are ways of bone growth, both begin with mesenchyme
Contrast: intramembranous is direct ossification and only for flat bones, endochonral is
indirect and for all other bones
Contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone
growth/repair/remodeling - ANSWER-Both serve to shape the bone
Osteoblasts grow/form new bone
Osteoclasts break down bone
Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and calcitriol blood calcium
regulation - ANSWER-Calcitonin allows for calcium from the blood to come into the
bone when too much calcium is in the blood
Parathyroid hormone activates osteoclasts to break down the calcium in the bone to be
sent to the blood when there is not enough calcium in the blood
PTH activates inactive vitamin D into active vitamin D known as calcitriol, which allows
calcium to come from the small intestine into the blood
Extracellular component of bone tissue - ANSWER-Matrix (inorganic salts and collagen
fibers, calcification = calcium carbonate salts deposited in to collagen fibers)
Identify the internal structural components of compact bone - ANSWER-Osteon
(Haversian canal, concentric lamellae, lacuna, canaliculus, volkmann canals)
Identify the internal structural components of spongy bone - ANSWER-Trabeculae
(irregular latticework of thin columns of bone surrounding many spaces, often filled with
red bone marrow)
Structural components of a long bone - ANSWER-Diaphysis (main stretch)
Metaphysis (where it begins to flare on proximal/distal ends)
Epiphysis (ends of both proximal/distal)
Medullary canal (within the diaphysis)
Yellow bone marrow (within medullary canal)
Periosteum (outer layer of bone)
Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage where bone articulates)
Epiphyseal plate/line (growth occurs here)
Explain the roles osteogenic cells play in the formation of bone tissue - ANSWER-The
initial bone cell. All other bone cells come from this
Compare and contrast intramembranous and encochondral ossification - ANSWER-
Compare: both are ways of bone growth, both begin with mesenchyme
Contrast: intramembranous is direct ossification and only for flat bones, endochonral is
indirect and for all other bones
Contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone
growth/repair/remodeling - ANSWER-Both serve to shape the bone
Osteoblasts grow/form new bone
Osteoclasts break down bone
Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and calcitriol blood calcium
regulation - ANSWER-Calcitonin allows for calcium from the blood to come into the
bone when too much calcium is in the blood
Parathyroid hormone activates osteoclasts to break down the calcium in the bone to be
sent to the blood when there is not enough calcium in the blood
PTH activates inactive vitamin D into active vitamin D known as calcitriol, which allows
calcium to come from the small intestine into the blood
Extracellular component of bone tissue - ANSWER-Matrix (inorganic salts and collagen
fibers, calcification = calcium carbonate salts deposited in to collagen fibers)
Identify the internal structural components of compact bone - ANSWER-Osteon
(Haversian canal, concentric lamellae, lacuna, canaliculus, volkmann canals)
Identify the internal structural components of spongy bone - ANSWER-Trabeculae
(irregular latticework of thin columns of bone surrounding many spaces, often filled with
red bone marrow)
Structural components of a long bone - ANSWER-Diaphysis (main stretch)
Metaphysis (where it begins to flare on proximal/distal ends)
Epiphysis (ends of both proximal/distal)
Medullary canal (within the diaphysis)
Yellow bone marrow (within medullary canal)
Periosteum (outer layer of bone)
Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage where bone articulates)
Epiphyseal plate/line (growth occurs here)
Explain the roles osteogenic cells play in the formation of bone tissue - ANSWER-The
initial bone cell. All other bone cells come from this
