BTM Practical UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
positioning indication - CORRECT ANSWER - limitation or a complete loss of active
movement.
limited mobility.
decreased sensations of body parts
are in pathological positions
objectives of positioning - CORRECT ANSWER - control the muscle tone
prevention of muscle atrophy and contractures
prevention of restriction of ROM
prevention of formation of joint deformities
prevention of pneumonia
prevention or treatment of decubitus
improvement of circulatory functions
prevention of damage to peripheral nerves
improvement in alertness and attention
elimination of pain.
positioning indication - CORRECT ANSWER - prevention of the development of
musculoskeletal deformities
prevention of the development of trophic changes
prevention of circulatory complications
regulation of muscle tone
influencing breathing and swallowing
reducing the risk of peripheral nerve damage
promoting body awareness and self-awareness
supporting the function of the vestibular system
, influencing pain
ensuring patient comfort
mobility, immobility, inactivity - CORRECT ANSWER - Mobility - the ability to set a person
in motion and move him or her from place to place; purposeful mobility needed to meet life
(subsistence) needs • Immobility - temporary short-term - temporary long-term - permanent
partial - permanent full
Inactivity - limitations in motor and mental abilities - immobilization syndrome - part of the so-
called hypokinetic syndrome; the sum of the negative consequences of resting - physiological
response of the organism to its own "inactivity"
immobilisation syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - Manifestations - disturbances in
orthostatic, postural regulation - effects on blood circulation (risk of phlebothrombosis and
pulmonary embolism) - deconditioning, incoordination - Hypoventilation - development of
decubitus ulcers - muscle atrophy - development of flexion contractures - decalcification,
development of osteoporosis - obstipation/incontinence - micturition disorders - psychological
disorders (depression and deprivation)
Decubites - CORRECT ANSWER - local ischemic damage to skin, subcutaneous tissue,
muscles and possibly mucous membranes • permanent reddening of the skin to necrosis - Grade
1 - non-fading hyperemia (epidermis) - Grade 2 - ulcerative defect with signs of inflammation
(dermis) - Grade 3 - ulcerative defect extending from the subcutaneous tissue to the muscular
fascia, conspicuous bordering (subcutaneous tissue) - Grade 4 - infectious necrosis extending
into the fascia and affecting the periosteum (muscle, fascia, bone)
positioning prevents - CORRECT ANSWER - skin relief • prevention of trophic changes •
prevention or treatment of decubitus (improvement of blood circulation) • reducing the risk of
peripheral nerve damage • regulation of muscle tone • prevention of muscle contractures •
prevention of the development of musculoskeletal deformities • prevention of joint deformities
prevention of complications/improvement of circulatory function • reduction of intracranial
pressure • affecting breathing and swallowing • prevention of pneumonia • support vestibular
function • promoting body awareness and self-awareness • influencing and eliminating pain •
ensuring patient comfort • improvement of psychological state - vigilance
Questions and CORRECT Answers
positioning indication - CORRECT ANSWER - limitation or a complete loss of active
movement.
limited mobility.
decreased sensations of body parts
are in pathological positions
objectives of positioning - CORRECT ANSWER - control the muscle tone
prevention of muscle atrophy and contractures
prevention of restriction of ROM
prevention of formation of joint deformities
prevention of pneumonia
prevention or treatment of decubitus
improvement of circulatory functions
prevention of damage to peripheral nerves
improvement in alertness and attention
elimination of pain.
positioning indication - CORRECT ANSWER - prevention of the development of
musculoskeletal deformities
prevention of the development of trophic changes
prevention of circulatory complications
regulation of muscle tone
influencing breathing and swallowing
reducing the risk of peripheral nerve damage
promoting body awareness and self-awareness
supporting the function of the vestibular system
, influencing pain
ensuring patient comfort
mobility, immobility, inactivity - CORRECT ANSWER - Mobility - the ability to set a person
in motion and move him or her from place to place; purposeful mobility needed to meet life
(subsistence) needs • Immobility - temporary short-term - temporary long-term - permanent
partial - permanent full
Inactivity - limitations in motor and mental abilities - immobilization syndrome - part of the so-
called hypokinetic syndrome; the sum of the negative consequences of resting - physiological
response of the organism to its own "inactivity"
immobilisation syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - Manifestations - disturbances in
orthostatic, postural regulation - effects on blood circulation (risk of phlebothrombosis and
pulmonary embolism) - deconditioning, incoordination - Hypoventilation - development of
decubitus ulcers - muscle atrophy - development of flexion contractures - decalcification,
development of osteoporosis - obstipation/incontinence - micturition disorders - psychological
disorders (depression and deprivation)
Decubites - CORRECT ANSWER - local ischemic damage to skin, subcutaneous tissue,
muscles and possibly mucous membranes • permanent reddening of the skin to necrosis - Grade
1 - non-fading hyperemia (epidermis) - Grade 2 - ulcerative defect with signs of inflammation
(dermis) - Grade 3 - ulcerative defect extending from the subcutaneous tissue to the muscular
fascia, conspicuous bordering (subcutaneous tissue) - Grade 4 - infectious necrosis extending
into the fascia and affecting the periosteum (muscle, fascia, bone)
positioning prevents - CORRECT ANSWER - skin relief • prevention of trophic changes •
prevention or treatment of decubitus (improvement of blood circulation) • reducing the risk of
peripheral nerve damage • regulation of muscle tone • prevention of muscle contractures •
prevention of the development of musculoskeletal deformities • prevention of joint deformities
prevention of complications/improvement of circulatory function • reduction of intracranial
pressure • affecting breathing and swallowing • prevention of pneumonia • support vestibular
function • promoting body awareness and self-awareness • influencing and eliminating pain •
ensuring patient comfort • improvement of psychological state - vigilance
