NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Accurate 126 Solutions.
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Accurate 126 Solutions.
What is Pathophysiology - ANSWER is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and
physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human body.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include? - ANSWER Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations,
and Treatment Implications
What is etiology - ANSWER study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions
that have an unknown origin or cause.
What is pathogenesis? - ANSWER development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the
expression of manifestations as time occurs.
What are clinical manifestations? - ANSWER Signs and symptoms of disorder.
What are treatment implications? - ANSWER Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical
manifestations to determine the best treatment of condition per individual.
What are signs? - ANSWER Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
What are symptoms? - ANSWER Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
What is objective data - ANSWER What you observe and can measure.
What are examples of objective data? - ANSWER rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
What is subjective data? - ANSWER What the patient may report to you
,NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Accurate 126 Solutions.
What are examples of subjective data? - ANSWER pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
What is epidemiology? - ANSWER study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on the
spread and contact of diseases in people.
What are the levels of disease prevention? - ANSWER Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Explain Primary Prevention - ANSWER "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of
disease for people.
Examples of Primary Prevention - ANSWER Vaccinations and Handwashing
Explain Secondary Prevention - ANSWER "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
Examples of Secondary Prevention - ANSWER PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
Explain Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder
or disease after the person has the condition
Examples of Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and the
body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
What is allostasis? - ANSWER ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an
attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
, NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Accurate 126 Solutions.
Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome - ANSWER alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER Where the sympathetic nervous system
is activated due to stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis
to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in this stage to give the
organs energy to work.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER the activity of the Parasympathetic
Nervous system and the endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should
ultimately adapt to the stressor.
Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER Occurs when the stressor is not
removed or overcome in the body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged
exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to disease or death.
What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from general adaptation syndrome? -
ANSWER disease can occur physically and mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia,
infection, and heart disease.
Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER
Corticotrophin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and
epinephrine) and cortisol
Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in alarm stage - ANSWER activates the sympathetic
nervous system and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Explain the role of norepinephrine during alarm stage - ANSWER helps to slow down certain organs such
as the GI and GU systems to prepare the body for fight or flight.
Explain the role of epinephrine during alarm stage - ANSWER Stimulates the fight or flight response by
increasing heart rate, bronchodilation of the lungs to increase respirations and amount of air let in,
dilates pupils to let more light in, stimulates more glucose to be released.
Accurate 126 Solutions.
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Accurate 126 Solutions.
What is Pathophysiology - ANSWER is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and
physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human body.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include? - ANSWER Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations,
and Treatment Implications
What is etiology - ANSWER study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions
that have an unknown origin or cause.
What is pathogenesis? - ANSWER development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the
expression of manifestations as time occurs.
What are clinical manifestations? - ANSWER Signs and symptoms of disorder.
What are treatment implications? - ANSWER Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical
manifestations to determine the best treatment of condition per individual.
What are signs? - ANSWER Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
What are symptoms? - ANSWER Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
What is objective data - ANSWER What you observe and can measure.
What are examples of objective data? - ANSWER rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
What is subjective data? - ANSWER What the patient may report to you
,NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Accurate 126 Solutions.
What are examples of subjective data? - ANSWER pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
What is epidemiology? - ANSWER study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on the
spread and contact of diseases in people.
What are the levels of disease prevention? - ANSWER Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Explain Primary Prevention - ANSWER "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of
disease for people.
Examples of Primary Prevention - ANSWER Vaccinations and Handwashing
Explain Secondary Prevention - ANSWER "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
Examples of Secondary Prevention - ANSWER PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
Explain Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER "Treating" and preventing further complications from a disorder
or disease after the person has the condition
Examples of Tertiary Prevention - ANSWER Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance and the
body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
What is allostasis? - ANSWER ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance but an
attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
, NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1
Accurate 126 Solutions.
Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome - ANSWER alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER Where the sympathetic nervous system
is activated due to stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis
to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in this stage to give the
organs energy to work.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER the activity of the Parasympathetic
Nervous system and the endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should
ultimately adapt to the stressor.
Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER Occurs when the stressor is not
removed or overcome in the body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged
exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to disease or death.
What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from general adaptation syndrome? -
ANSWER disease can occur physically and mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia,
infection, and heart disease.
Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome - ANSWER
Corticotrophin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and
epinephrine) and cortisol
Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in alarm stage - ANSWER activates the sympathetic
nervous system and adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Explain the role of norepinephrine during alarm stage - ANSWER helps to slow down certain organs such
as the GI and GU systems to prepare the body for fight or flight.
Explain the role of epinephrine during alarm stage - ANSWER Stimulates the fight or flight response by
increasing heart rate, bronchodilation of the lungs to increase respirations and amount of air let in,
dilates pupils to let more light in, stimulates more glucose to be released.
