Nurb 3050 Final Exam (Gastrointestinal,
Endocrine, Diabetes Mellitus)
gastroesophageal reflux - ANSWER-backward flow of stomach contents into the
esophagus, this reflux leads to esophagitis
Clinical Manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux - ANSWER-heartburn, indigestion,
burping
interventions of gastroesophageal reflux - ANSWER-avoid large meals, alcohol use,
smoking, eat meals standing up, avoid bending, sleep with head elevated, lose weight
esophageal diverticulum - ANSWER-outpouching of esophageal wall, caused by an
increase in pressure within the esophagus
esophageal cancer - ANSWER--squamous cell membrane- alcohol and tobacco use
-adenocarcinoma- barret esophagus
gastritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Causes- aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, infection with H.pylori
Functions of the digestive system - ANSWER-•Production of enzymes and hormones
•Storage and synthesis of vitamins
•Dismantling and reassembling of food
•Entrance of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and water through the
gastrointestinal tract
•Collection and elimination of wastes
Three phases of swallowing - ANSWER-oral, pharyngeal, esophageal
secretions of the GI tract - ANSWER-salivary, gastric, pancreatic, biliary, intestinal
signs and symptoms common to GI disorders - ANSWER--anorexia- loss of appetite
-nausea- ill defined, unpleasant, subjective symptom
-vomiting- sudden and forceful oral expulsion
-retching- consists of the rhythmic spasmodic movements of the diaphragm, chest wall,
abdominal muscles
dysphagia - ANSWER-difficulty swallowing
, Odynophagia - ANSWER-painful swallowing
Achalasia - ANSWER-failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
acute gastritis - ANSWER-Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
chronic gastritis - ANSWER-Chronic inflammation of stomach mucosa, eventually leads
to atrophy of the stomach lining
peptic ulcer - ANSWER-open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or
duodenum
causes and symptoms of peptic ulcer - ANSWER--causes- H.pylori, NSAIDS, aspirin,
smoking
-symptoms- upper abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, lack of appetite, weight loss,
heartburn
GI tract bleeding - ANSWER--Hematemesis (Blood in vomit)
-Melena (Blood in stool)
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - ANSWER-intestinal disorder caused by abnormal colon
contractions, leads to persistent or recurring symptoms
Symptoms of IBS - ANSWER-abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, bloating
treatment of IBS - ANSWER-managing diet, lifestyle, stress levels
diverticulosis - ANSWER-small, bulging pouches that develop in the digestive tract
Diverticulitis - ANSWER-occurs when one or more of these pouches become inflammed
or infected
appendicitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the appendix
symptoms of appendicitis - ANSWER-sudden pain on right side, nausea and vomitting,
loss of appetite, fever, constipation, diarrhea, bloating
constipation - ANSWER-difficulty in passing stools
causes: dehydration, inadequate fiber intake, pregnancy, hemorrhoids, inactivity or
bedrest, abdominal muscle weakness
Clostridium difficile - ANSWER-inflammation of the colon, results from disruption of
normal GI microflora, often from the use of antibiotics, transmitted thru direct contact
Clinal manifestations of clostridium difficile - ANSWER-profuse watery diarrhea,
abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis
Endocrine, Diabetes Mellitus)
gastroesophageal reflux - ANSWER-backward flow of stomach contents into the
esophagus, this reflux leads to esophagitis
Clinical Manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux - ANSWER-heartburn, indigestion,
burping
interventions of gastroesophageal reflux - ANSWER-avoid large meals, alcohol use,
smoking, eat meals standing up, avoid bending, sleep with head elevated, lose weight
esophageal diverticulum - ANSWER-outpouching of esophageal wall, caused by an
increase in pressure within the esophagus
esophageal cancer - ANSWER--squamous cell membrane- alcohol and tobacco use
-adenocarcinoma- barret esophagus
gastritis - ANSWER-inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Causes- aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, infection with H.pylori
Functions of the digestive system - ANSWER-•Production of enzymes and hormones
•Storage and synthesis of vitamins
•Dismantling and reassembling of food
•Entrance of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and water through the
gastrointestinal tract
•Collection and elimination of wastes
Three phases of swallowing - ANSWER-oral, pharyngeal, esophageal
secretions of the GI tract - ANSWER-salivary, gastric, pancreatic, biliary, intestinal
signs and symptoms common to GI disorders - ANSWER--anorexia- loss of appetite
-nausea- ill defined, unpleasant, subjective symptom
-vomiting- sudden and forceful oral expulsion
-retching- consists of the rhythmic spasmodic movements of the diaphragm, chest wall,
abdominal muscles
dysphagia - ANSWER-difficulty swallowing
, Odynophagia - ANSWER-painful swallowing
Achalasia - ANSWER-failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
acute gastritis - ANSWER-Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
chronic gastritis - ANSWER-Chronic inflammation of stomach mucosa, eventually leads
to atrophy of the stomach lining
peptic ulcer - ANSWER-open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or
duodenum
causes and symptoms of peptic ulcer - ANSWER--causes- H.pylori, NSAIDS, aspirin,
smoking
-symptoms- upper abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, lack of appetite, weight loss,
heartburn
GI tract bleeding - ANSWER--Hematemesis (Blood in vomit)
-Melena (Blood in stool)
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - ANSWER-intestinal disorder caused by abnormal colon
contractions, leads to persistent or recurring symptoms
Symptoms of IBS - ANSWER-abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, bloating
treatment of IBS - ANSWER-managing diet, lifestyle, stress levels
diverticulosis - ANSWER-small, bulging pouches that develop in the digestive tract
Diverticulitis - ANSWER-occurs when one or more of these pouches become inflammed
or infected
appendicitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the appendix
symptoms of appendicitis - ANSWER-sudden pain on right side, nausea and vomitting,
loss of appetite, fever, constipation, diarrhea, bloating
constipation - ANSWER-difficulty in passing stools
causes: dehydration, inadequate fiber intake, pregnancy, hemorrhoids, inactivity or
bedrest, abdominal muscle weakness
Clostridium difficile - ANSWER-inflammation of the colon, results from disruption of
normal GI microflora, often from the use of antibiotics, transmitted thru direct contact
Clinal manifestations of clostridium difficile - ANSWER-profuse watery diarrhea,
abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis
