Biology 1010 Lab Exam 1 Questions And Answers

Be familiar with lab safety - ANS Units of measurement and how to convert - ANS Kilo, hecto, deka, mlg, deci, centi, milli Meters measures - ANS Length Liters measures - ANS Liquid volume Grams measures - ANS Mass/weight Instruments/ lab equipment for measuring - ANS What is the relationship between volume and mass? - ANS Volume is not usually proportional to mass (materials have different densities) What are the boiling and freezing point of water in Celsius - ANS Boiling - 100 Freezing - 0 Piper pump - ANS Dispenses known volumes of liquid What are the 4 classes of organic molecules - ANS carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids What does it mean when something is organic? - ANS it contains carbon Carbohydrate function - ANS short term energy Ex. Glucose Lipids function - ANS long term energy storage Ex. Cholesterol Proteins function - ANS Regulate metabolism Ex. Enzymes Nucleic acid function - ANS store and transmit genetic information Ex. DNA and RNA Polymer - ANS Composed of large molecules made of monomers Monomers - ANS building blocks of polymers Are lipids a true polymer? - ANS No, because they cannot be broken down What we're the four tests conducted to detect organic molecules? - ANS Benedict's, lugols, biuret, Sudan IV Benedict's tests for - ANS Carbohydrates/ reducing sugars Color change for Benedict's - ANS Blue to brick red/orange = large amount of reducing sugar Blue to yellow/green = small amount of reducing sugar Lugol's tests for - ANS Carbohydrates/Starch Lugol's color change - ANS Blue/black = presence of starch Red = no presence of starch Biuret tests for - ANS Protein Biuret color change - ANS Blue to violet = high number of protein Blue to pink = low number of protein Sudan IV tests for - ANS Lipids (fats) Sudan IV color change - ANS Red-orange patches/ layer = high amount of fat Pale orange throughout = low amount of fat Positive control - ANS Known result Negative control - ANS No response What is an enzyme and it's function - ANS Metabolic catalysts used to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy Substrate - ANS The reactant of an enzyme Active site - ANS A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme. Competitive inhibitor - ANS Competition for an active site because substance has same structure to substrate No competitive inhibitor - ANS An inhibitor that binds to a location other than the active site of an enzyme and causes the active site to change shape Hydrolysis - ANS Chemical breakdown by adding a water molecule Dehydration synthesis - ANS A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule. For most enzymes, what is the naming convention used? - ANS ASE What factor affect enzyme activity - ANS Temperature pH Feedback inhibition Temperature on enzymes - ANS Raising a temperature = speed up of reaction Lowering a temperature = slowing down a reaction Affect of pH on enzymes - ANS As the pH value is increased above or below the optimum, the enzyme activity decreases. feedback inhibition - ANS A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway. Optimal temperature - ANS Temperature at which an enzyme works the best Denature - ANS Enzyme has lost activity due to changes in structure