NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology
Exam 2 (Latest ) Rasmussen
/What are the functions of the kidneys? - Answer-Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
/.What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - Answer-
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
/.What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? -
Answer-ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
/.What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - Answer-peripheral tissue insulin resistance
/.What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - Answer-Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
/.What processes occur during fasting? - Answer-glucogenesis; glycogenesis
/.What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? -
Answer-adipose/ fat
/.What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - Answer-myxedema, fatigue,
cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
/.What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - Answer-Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
/.What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - Answer-fatigue, body
aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
/.What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - Answer-numbness,
tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
/.What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - Answer-fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
/.What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - Answer-negative
feedback loop
/.What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - Answer-Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH,
ACTH and endorphins
, /.What is diabetes insipidus? - Answer-a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
/.clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - Answer-polyuria, nocturia, continuous
thirst, and polydipsia
/.clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - Answer-Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and
pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch
marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric
disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
/.clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - Answer-Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. -
Brittle fingernails.
/.clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - Answer-fatigue. -
lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. -
depression. -
muscle weakness.
/.clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - Answer-hypertension and
hypokalemia
/.clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - Answer-High blood pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. -
Feeling tired all the time. -
Headache. -
Muscle weakness. -
Numbness.
/.What is myxedema? - Answer-severe hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
Exam 2 (Latest ) Rasmussen
/What are the functions of the kidneys? - Answer-Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
/.What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - Answer-
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
/.What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? -
Answer-ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
/.What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - Answer-peripheral tissue insulin resistance
/.What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - Answer-Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
/.What processes occur during fasting? - Answer-glucogenesis; glycogenesis
/.What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? -
Answer-adipose/ fat
/.What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - Answer-myxedema, fatigue,
cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
/.What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - Answer-Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
/.What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - Answer-fatigue, body
aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
/.What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - Answer-numbness,
tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
/.What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - Answer-fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
/.What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - Answer-negative
feedback loop
/.What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - Answer-Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH,
ACTH and endorphins
, /.What is diabetes insipidus? - Answer-a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
/.clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - Answer-polyuria, nocturia, continuous
thirst, and polydipsia
/.clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - Answer-Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and
pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch
marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric
disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
/.clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - Answer-Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. -
Brittle fingernails.
/.clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - Answer-fatigue. -
lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. -
depression. -
muscle weakness.
/.clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - Answer-hypertension and
hypokalemia
/.clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - Answer-High blood pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. -
Feeling tired all the time. -
Headache. -
Muscle weakness. -
Numbness.
/.What is myxedema? - Answer-severe hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
