NU 220 Pharmacology
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which pharmacokinetic process describes the movement of a
drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream?
- A. Distribution
- B. Absorption
- C. Metabolism
- D. Excretion
ANS : B. Absorption
Rationale : Absorption is the process through which drugs are
taken up into the systemic circulation after administration.
©2025
,2. What is the primary function of cytochrome P450 enzymes in
drug metabolism?
- A. Increasing drug potency
- B. Facilitating drug excretion
- C. Breaking down drugs into active metabolites
- D. Catalyzing oxidation reactions to modify drugs
ANS : D. Catalyzing oxidation reactions to modify drugs
Rationale : Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a critical role in
Phase I metabolism, primarily through oxidation.
3. Which route of drug administration bypasses first-pass
metabolism?
- A. Oral
- B. Sublingual
- C. Rectal
- D. Intramuscular
ANS : B. Sublingual
Rationale : Drugs administered sublingually are absorbed
directly into the systemic circulation, avoiding first-pass
metabolism.
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©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which a drug is distributed into tissues and
body fluids is known as ____.
ANS : Distribution
Rationale : Distribution refers to the movement of drugs
throughout the body after absorption.
5. Drugs with a high ____, bind extensively to plasma proteins
and have limited availability to the target tissues.
ANS : Protein-binding capacity
Rationale : High protein-binding drugs remain largely in
circulation bound to plasma proteins, affecting their therapeutic
availability.
6. The pharmacological effect produced by two drugs combined
to yield greater efficacy than when used individually is termed
____.
ANS : Synergism
Rationale : Synergism occurs when drugs enhance each
other's effects, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes.
©2025
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True/False Questions
7. Lipophilic drugs cross cellular membranes more efficiently
than hydrophilic drugs.
ANS : True
Rationale : Lipophilic drugs dissolve easily in the lipid bilayer
of cell membranes, facilitating passive diffusion.
8. Drugs that act as agonists always block receptor activity.
ANS : False
Rationale : Agonists activate receptors to elicit a
pharmacological response, unlike antagonists, which block
activity.
9. The therapeutic index of a drug is defined as the ratio between
its effective dose and toxic dose.
ANS : True
Rationale : A higher therapeutic index indicates a safer drug,
as the margin between efficacy and toxicity is wide.
©2025
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which pharmacokinetic process describes the movement of a
drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream?
- A. Distribution
- B. Absorption
- C. Metabolism
- D. Excretion
ANS : B. Absorption
Rationale : Absorption is the process through which drugs are
taken up into the systemic circulation after administration.
©2025
,2. What is the primary function of cytochrome P450 enzymes in
drug metabolism?
- A. Increasing drug potency
- B. Facilitating drug excretion
- C. Breaking down drugs into active metabolites
- D. Catalyzing oxidation reactions to modify drugs
ANS : D. Catalyzing oxidation reactions to modify drugs
Rationale : Cytochrome P450 enzymes play a critical role in
Phase I metabolism, primarily through oxidation.
3. Which route of drug administration bypasses first-pass
metabolism?
- A. Oral
- B. Sublingual
- C. Rectal
- D. Intramuscular
ANS : B. Sublingual
Rationale : Drugs administered sublingually are absorbed
directly into the systemic circulation, avoiding first-pass
metabolism.
---
©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The process by which a drug is distributed into tissues and
body fluids is known as ____.
ANS : Distribution
Rationale : Distribution refers to the movement of drugs
throughout the body after absorption.
5. Drugs with a high ____, bind extensively to plasma proteins
and have limited availability to the target tissues.
ANS : Protein-binding capacity
Rationale : High protein-binding drugs remain largely in
circulation bound to plasma proteins, affecting their therapeutic
availability.
6. The pharmacological effect produced by two drugs combined
to yield greater efficacy than when used individually is termed
____.
ANS : Synergism
Rationale : Synergism occurs when drugs enhance each
other's effects, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes.
©2025
, ---
True/False Questions
7. Lipophilic drugs cross cellular membranes more efficiently
than hydrophilic drugs.
ANS : True
Rationale : Lipophilic drugs dissolve easily in the lipid bilayer
of cell membranes, facilitating passive diffusion.
8. Drugs that act as agonists always block receptor activity.
ANS : False
Rationale : Agonists activate receptors to elicit a
pharmacological response, unlike antagonists, which block
activity.
9. The therapeutic index of a drug is defined as the ratio between
its effective dose and toxic dose.
ANS : True
Rationale : A higher therapeutic index indicates a safer drug,
as the margin between efficacy and toxicity is wide.
©2025
