OCR Psychology A Level Unit 1 Certification Exam Questions And Answers| Download.

What are the types of experiment - correct answer -laboratory -field -quasi Strengths of lab experiments - correct answer much control over variables; random assignment possible Weaknesses of lab experiments - correct answer low ecological validity, demand characteristics are more likely to be seen Strengths of field experiments - correct answer Behaviour in a field experiment is more likely to reflect real life because of its natural setting - higher ecological validity/mundane realism than a lab Less likelihood of demand characteristics affecting the results, as participants may not know they are being studied - covert. Weaknesses of field experiments - correct answer less control over extraneous variables Strengths of quasi experiments - correct answer Allows study of an independent variable that cannot be manipulated and may well have good practical applications in the real world. Usually better when manipulating the IV would not be possible or unethical Weaknesses of quasi experiments - correct answer Can be difficult to control for extraneous variables structured vs unstructured observation - correct answer structured: the researcher identifies beforehand which behaviors are to be observed and recorded unstructured: places no restriction on what behaviors are to be observed naturalistic vs controlled observation - correct answer observations carried out in the participant's natural or unnatural setting participant vs non-participant observation - correct answer participant- data is collected from a researcher being in the environment with the participants non-participant- data is collected from a distance Overt vs. Covert - correct answer Overt: P's know they're being observed Covert: P's don't know they're being observed questionnaire - correct answer a written set of questions to be answered by a research participant Types of Interviews - correct answer structured, semi-structured, unstructured Types of Correlation - correct answer positive, negative, none null vs alternative hypothesis - correct answer null - no significant results seen alternative - significant results seen One-tailed hypothesis vs two tailed hypothesis - correct answer one tailed - an alternative hypothesis in which the researcher predicts the direction of the expected difference between the groups two tailed - an alternative hypothesis in which no direction is predicted target population - correct answer the total group to be studied or described and from whom samples may be drawn Sample - correct answer a subset of the population random sampling - correct answer a method of poll selection that gives each person in a group the same chance of being selected snowball sampling - correct answer participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for the study Opportunity sampling - correct answer a sample of whoever happens to be there and agrees to participate self-selected sample - correct answer members of a population can volunteer to be in the sample repeated measures design - correct answer The same participants are used in all the conditions in an experiment. Independent measures design - correct answer Where each participant is only assigned to one condition of the IV. matched pairs design - correct answer A method of assigning subjects to groups in which pairs of subjects are first matched on some characteristic and then individually assigned randomly to groups. independent variable - correct answer variable that is manipulated dependent variable - correct answer The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. Behavioral categories - correct answer When a target behavior is broken up into components that are observable and measurable Coding frame - correct answer an exhaustive list of all possible values that codes may take in content analysis time sampling - correct answer The procedure of observing and recording behavior during intervals or at specific moments Event sampling - correct answer the observer records all instances of a particular behavior during a specified time period Open questions - correct answer allow a variety of extended responses Closed questions - correct answer Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no. Likert Scale - correct answer a numerical scale used to assess attitudes (statements not questions); includes a set of possible answers with numbers allocated to each