Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam 173
Complete Solutions.
Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam 173
Complete Solutions.
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. - ANSWER Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANSWER Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - ANSWER Motor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - ANSWER Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - ANSWER Central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANSWER The neuron cell body manufactures
neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - ANSWER From the peripheral to the central nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - ANSWER Astrocytes form the blood/brain barrier, are
found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the
patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? - ANSWER Yes; Peripheral nerves
can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann
cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include
the charge of the membrane during this phase. - ANSWER Depolarization: The sodium gates open and
sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
,Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam 173
Complete Solutions.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - ANSWER -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? - ANSWER The overall effect is a
negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the
action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. - ANSWER False. The action potential is
always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER Ach is
released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - ANSWER A signal travels from the cell body
through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These nuerotransmitters bind with
receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? - ANSWER Dopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central
nervous system. - ANSWER Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. - ANSWER The integration
center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - ANSWER The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - ANSWER It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
, Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam 173
Complete Solutions.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the
reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. - ANSWER Stretch
on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients
with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this
would occur. - ANSWER Acetylcholine triggers the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the
sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If
acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. - ANSWER Pia Mater
The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. - ANSWER transverse median
Describe the function of the brain ventricles. - ANSWER The brain ventricles are located inside the brain
and produce and store cerebral spinal fluid
ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except: - ANSWER Filters out unimportant sensory
information
What is the largest portion of the brain? - ANSWER cerebrum
This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensory information. - ANSWER
Association area
Complete Solutions.
Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam 173
Complete Solutions.
This is a collection of cell bodies found in the peripheral nervous system. - ANSWER Ganglia
This part of the autonomic system increases digestion. - ANSWER Parasympathetic
The ventral root of a nerve contains what type of neurons? - ANSWER Motor (Efferent)
This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - ANSWER Axon
An interneuron inside the spinal cord is part of the: - ANSWER Central nervous system
Describe the synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters. - ANSWER The neuron cell body manufactures
neurotransmitters, which are stored in secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals.
An afferent neuron carries information: - ANSWER From the peripheral to the central nervous system
What is the location and function of Astrocytes? - ANSWER Astrocytes form the blood/brain barrier, are
found in the brain, and are part of the CNS
A patient's left thumb was severed in a cooking accident and then reattached during surgery. Would the
patient be expected to regrow axons in their thumb? Why or why not? - ANSWER Yes; Peripheral nerves
can regenerate the length of the axon through axonal regeneration because of the growth of Schwann
cells ahead of the axon.
Name and describe what is occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 2 of the diagram. Include
the charge of the membrane during this phase. - ANSWER Depolarization: The sodium gates open and
sodium rushes into the axon during the depolarization phase of the action potential.
,Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam 173
Complete Solutions.
Voltage travels past zero and then on up to +40 mV.
At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is: - ANSWER -70mV
Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump? - ANSWER The overall effect is a
negative charge on the outside of the membrane.
True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of a light touch. This means that the strength of the
action potential is weaker than usual. Explain your reasoning. - ANSWER False. The action potential is
always the same. The frequency and number of nuerons activated change the increase in intensity.
Which of the following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER Ach is
released from the presynaptic motor neuron to cause an action potential in the muscle fiber.
How is a message sent from one neuron to another? - ANSWER A signal travels from the cell body
through the axon and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. These nuerotransmitters bind with
receptor that carry the message to the dendrite of the next neuron, and the process begins again.
What neurotransmitter helps regulate emotional responses and muscle tone? - ANSWER Dopamine
In a reflex, the ____________ neuron conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central
nervous system. - ANSWER Sensory (afferent)
This part of a reflex is inside the CNS, made up of one or more synapses. - ANSWER The integration
center
What is true about the stretch reflex? - ANSWER The muscle spindle detects stretch within the muscle.
What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex? - ANSWER It involves excitatory interneurons.
It involves inhibitory interneurons.
, Portage Learning A&P II: Final Exam 173
Complete Solutions.
Your doctor taps on your patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the
reflex he is testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex. - ANSWER Stretch
on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon)
Muscle spindle detects stretch
Afferent (sensory) neuron through DRG
Spinal cord
Synapses directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
Action: To muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot)
Botulism is a disease caused by a neurotoxin that interferes with the release of Acetylcholine. Patients
with this disease experience flaccid paralysis, or the inability to contract their muscles. Explain why this
would occur. - ANSWER Acetylcholine triggers the release of sodium ions. The sodium ions reach the
sarcoplasmic reticulum, which in turn release calcium ions that begin muscle contraction. If
acetylcholine is not able to be released, the muscle contraction would not be possible.
This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. - ANSWER Pia Mater
The _______ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres. - ANSWER transverse median
Describe the function of the brain ventricles. - ANSWER The brain ventricles are located inside the brain
and produce and store cerebral spinal fluid
ll the following are functions of the hypothalamus except: - ANSWER Filters out unimportant sensory
information
What is the largest portion of the brain? - ANSWER cerebrum
This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensory information. - ANSWER
Association area
