Ethical Relativism - Answers Morality depends on the culture
Objective Truth - Answers Truth independent of beliefs
Subjective Truth - Answers Truth that is not objective
Ethical practices - Answers Practices that may not align with ethical principles
Error - Answers Epistemic error, not logical error
Argument - Answers Set of premises with a conclusion
Cultural Differences Argument - Answers Different cultures have different beliefs about morality
Difficult Consequences of Ethical Relativism - Answers 1) Can't criticize other cultures 2) Can't criticize
own culture 3) No progress
Kantian Ethics - Answers Ethics based on duty and intention
Categorical Imperative - Answers Act only on maxims that can be universal laws
Means - Answers How to attain goals
Ends - Answers Goals
Deontological Ethics - Answers Morality based on rules or principles, not consequences
Kant's Moral Law - Answers Respect for the law itself, not from desire or fear
Principle of Utility - Answers Aim to create the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest amount of
people
Classic Utilitarianism - Answers Judging the value of an act by the consequences
Jeremy Bentham - Answers Founding father of utilitarianism
Justifications for Punishment - Answers Isolate the criminal, rehabilitation, deterrence
The Pan-Opticon - Answers Concept created by Jeremy Bentham
Utilitarianism - Answers Actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority
Hedonistic Utilitarianism - Answers Act is ethically permissible if it maximizes utility
Business Bluffing Ethical - Answers Albert Carr argues that it is
Foot in the Door Technique - Answers Persuading people to agree to bigger requests by starting with
smaller ones