ETS SLP Praxis Form 1-3 Exam
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
A 55-year-old woman, recently hospitalized for probable cerebrovascular accident
(CVA), is referred for evaluation of stuttering speech. The initial conversation with the
client indicates that speech is characterized by frequent initial-phoneme repetitions and
prolongations as well as associated mildly effortful eye blinking. Which of the following
pieces of information is crucial to accurate speech diagnosis and decisions regarding
management of the speech problem?
A. The site and extent of the lesion associated with the suspected CVA
B. Whether the client has any associated dysphagia or dysphonia
C. Whether the dysfluencies began before or after the suspected CVA
D. Whether the client feels frustrated by the dysfluencies - Answer-Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Dysfluent speech may or may not be directly caused by the
patient's suspected CVA.
Which of the following is the best action to take initially with a client who presents with
poor oral control of liquids and solids, coughing and choking while eating and drinking,
and a history of hospitalizations associated with pneumonia?
A. Thickening liquids so that the client will be better able to control oral movements for
swallowing
B. Obtaining a modified barium-swallow study to determine appropriate interventions
C. Evaluating the client's ability to eat a variety of foods in order to determine which
foods are safest
D. Prescribing that the client be NPO, since aspiration is present - Answer-Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. An assessment of the problem must be undertaken before
treatment is provided, and the best way to do this is to obtain a modified barium-swallow
study.
A number of research reports have described poor auditory memory in children with
language impairments. Which of the following can most appropriately be concluded
from these studies?
A. Poor auditory memory can be improved by language-intervention programs that
focus on teaching vocabulary and word meanings.
B. Poor auditory memory is a reflection of a language impairment, and clinicians and
researchers cannot effect improvement.
,C. Poor auditory memory could be a reflection or a cause of a language impairment or
could be related to some other factor, and further research is needed to determine
which is the case.
D. Children with language impairments normally do not have well-developed
representational skills. - Answer-Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Research reports are restricted to the variables examined in the
studies on which they are based. A relationship between poor auditory memory and
language impairment has been found in some research studies. Other factors could be
involved, however, suggesting that further research is needed. Conclusions about
treatment or the effects of the impairment must be made through additional research
studies.
Ms. Brown, a 70-year-old retired female, was admitted to the hospital following a CVA.
The SLP conducted a comprehensive evaluation that revealed the presence of left-side
neglect, anosognosia (denial of impairment), and visuospatial problems, including
prosopagnosia (difficulty recognizing familiar faces). Although her auditory
comprehension and repetition skills were good, she experienced difficulty with topic
maintenance and turn taking. Based on the clinical features described, Ms. Brown's
diagnostic classification would most likely be
A. Wernicke's aphasia
B. Conduction aphasia
C. Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with right hemisphere damage
D. Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with left hemisphere damage - Answer-
Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The symptoms described in the scenario are consistent with
damage to the right hemisphere.
A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations of the right side of the tongue
and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of
fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the
nervous system?
A. Brain stem
B. Cerebellum
C. Left cerebral cortex
D. Right cerebral cortex - Answer-Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and the other described
symptoms are all consistent with a lower motor neuron locus and suspected cranial
nerve abnormalities (primarily CN X and XII). These cranial nerves emerge directly from
the brain stem and help mediate the transfer of messages from the brain to the brain
stem and to the structures of the head and neck.
Which of the following constitutes the major component of an audiologic rehabilitation
program for infants with a moderate sensorineural hearing loss?
A. Development of cognitive skills
B. Development of social skills
C. Parent-mediated auditory stimulation
,D. Gestural stimulation - Answer-Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. For an infant known to have a hearing loss, parents are in the best
position to provide consistent auditory stimulation, which the infant needs in order to
develop an awareness of sound.
As part of a routine preschool screening, an SLPS L P tests a 4 year old whose speech
is characterized by sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal emission, and weak
consonants. Which of the following would be most appropriately evaluated initially?
A.Oral-motor behavior
B.Velopharyngeal function
C.Laryngeal function
D.Phonological awareness - Answer-Option (B) is correct. The characteristics described
are consistent with a resonance disorder, hence velopharyngeal function would be
evaluated initially.
Which of the following is the minimal contrast approach most appropriately used to
treat?
A.Phonological disorders
B.Dysphagia
C.Dysarthria
D.Global aphasia - Answer-Option (A) is correct. Minimal contrast approach was one of
the first approaches designed to adhere to phonological principles of intervention.
Alicia is a fourth-grade student with a language impairment that interferes with her
academic performance and social communication. On a standardized test of expressive
language ability, she received an overall score of 97.5, placing her in the 65thsixty fifth
percentile. Alicia's test result indicates that she
A.performed as well as or better than 65% of the individuals on whom the norms were
developed
B.responded correctly to 65% of the 150 items included in the expressive-language test
C.performed as well as or better than 65% of the other fourth graders who took the
same test
D.responded correctly to 97.5% of the test items, as did 65% of the other children taking
the test - Answer-Option (A) is correct. Percentile rank is the percentage of the scores
within the norm range that are equal to or lower than the score gained by the student.
Which THREE of the following variables are considered risk factors for late language
emergence?
A.Male gender
B.Access to print material
C.Low socioeconomic status
D.Moderately low birth weight
, E.Exposure to rich and varied vocabulary - Answer-Options (A), (C), and (D) are
correct. Being of male gender is a risk factor cited by both ASHAA S H A and
researchers for late-talking toddlers. Having a low SESS E S is considered a risk factor
by ASHAA S H A and researchers for late talking. Finally low birth weight is a risk factor
as well.
During a trip to the grocery store, a three-year-old boy with delayed language points to
an apple on the floor and says to his mother, "Apple." The boy's mother says, "Yes,
that's a big, shiny apple."
Based on the mother's response, which of the following language stimulation techniques
is she using?
A.Imitation
B.Parallel talk
C.Think aloud
D.Expansion - Answer-Option (D) is correct. Expansion is a method that entails
providing a subject a more complex speech model but does not directly stimulate
another response from the subject.
An SLPS L P works with a 4-year-old patient diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
The patient is nonverbal, does not have a functional communication system, and does
not follow simple directions. Which of the following communicative target goals is most
appropriate for the SLPS L P to prioritize for the patient?
A.Matching identical pictures in an array of pictures
B.Requesting wants in any modality
C.Labeling of common items verbally
D.Imitating a sequence of two actions - Answer-Option (B) is correct. Requests (mands)
are very important for the early development of language and for day-to-day verbal
interactions with others. Requests (mands) are usually the first type of communication
acquired by an infant.
A 75-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent
a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The patient needed to be intubated
for three days following surgery. After extubation, the medical team requested a swallow
consultation to determine if it was safe for the patient to take oral medications and
initiate oral nutrition. Based on the patient's condition, which of the following
assessment procedures is most appropriate for an SLPS L P to practice?
A.Administering a clinical bedside swallow evaluation and recommending an oral diet as
there were no clinical signs or symptoms of aspiration during the evaluation
B.Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the patient was just extubated to allow
a possible improvement in the patient's swallow function before evaluation
C.Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to determine patient readiness for
an instrumen - Answer-Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental
Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
A 55-year-old woman, recently hospitalized for probable cerebrovascular accident
(CVA), is referred for evaluation of stuttering speech. The initial conversation with the
client indicates that speech is characterized by frequent initial-phoneme repetitions and
prolongations as well as associated mildly effortful eye blinking. Which of the following
pieces of information is crucial to accurate speech diagnosis and decisions regarding
management of the speech problem?
A. The site and extent of the lesion associated with the suspected CVA
B. Whether the client has any associated dysphagia or dysphonia
C. Whether the dysfluencies began before or after the suspected CVA
D. Whether the client feels frustrated by the dysfluencies - Answer-Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Dysfluent speech may or may not be directly caused by the
patient's suspected CVA.
Which of the following is the best action to take initially with a client who presents with
poor oral control of liquids and solids, coughing and choking while eating and drinking,
and a history of hospitalizations associated with pneumonia?
A. Thickening liquids so that the client will be better able to control oral movements for
swallowing
B. Obtaining a modified barium-swallow study to determine appropriate interventions
C. Evaluating the client's ability to eat a variety of foods in order to determine which
foods are safest
D. Prescribing that the client be NPO, since aspiration is present - Answer-Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. An assessment of the problem must be undertaken before
treatment is provided, and the best way to do this is to obtain a modified barium-swallow
study.
A number of research reports have described poor auditory memory in children with
language impairments. Which of the following can most appropriately be concluded
from these studies?
A. Poor auditory memory can be improved by language-intervention programs that
focus on teaching vocabulary and word meanings.
B. Poor auditory memory is a reflection of a language impairment, and clinicians and
researchers cannot effect improvement.
,C. Poor auditory memory could be a reflection or a cause of a language impairment or
could be related to some other factor, and further research is needed to determine
which is the case.
D. Children with language impairments normally do not have well-developed
representational skills. - Answer-Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. Research reports are restricted to the variables examined in the
studies on which they are based. A relationship between poor auditory memory and
language impairment has been found in some research studies. Other factors could be
involved, however, suggesting that further research is needed. Conclusions about
treatment or the effects of the impairment must be made through additional research
studies.
Ms. Brown, a 70-year-old retired female, was admitted to the hospital following a CVA.
The SLP conducted a comprehensive evaluation that revealed the presence of left-side
neglect, anosognosia (denial of impairment), and visuospatial problems, including
prosopagnosia (difficulty recognizing familiar faces). Although her auditory
comprehension and repetition skills were good, she experienced difficulty with topic
maintenance and turn taking. Based on the clinical features described, Ms. Brown's
diagnostic classification would most likely be
A. Wernicke's aphasia
B. Conduction aphasia
C. Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with right hemisphere damage
D. Cognitive-communicative disorder consistent with left hemisphere damage - Answer-
Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The symptoms described in the scenario are consistent with
damage to the right hemisphere.
A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculations of the right side of the tongue
and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of
fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the
nervous system?
A. Brain stem
B. Cerebellum
C. Left cerebral cortex
D. Right cerebral cortex - Answer-Correct Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. Weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and the other described
symptoms are all consistent with a lower motor neuron locus and suspected cranial
nerve abnormalities (primarily CN X and XII). These cranial nerves emerge directly from
the brain stem and help mediate the transfer of messages from the brain to the brain
stem and to the structures of the head and neck.
Which of the following constitutes the major component of an audiologic rehabilitation
program for infants with a moderate sensorineural hearing loss?
A. Development of cognitive skills
B. Development of social skills
C. Parent-mediated auditory stimulation
,D. Gestural stimulation - Answer-Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. For an infant known to have a hearing loss, parents are in the best
position to provide consistent auditory stimulation, which the infant needs in order to
develop an awareness of sound.
As part of a routine preschool screening, an SLPS L P tests a 4 year old whose speech
is characterized by sound omissions, hypernasality, nasal emission, and weak
consonants. Which of the following would be most appropriately evaluated initially?
A.Oral-motor behavior
B.Velopharyngeal function
C.Laryngeal function
D.Phonological awareness - Answer-Option (B) is correct. The characteristics described
are consistent with a resonance disorder, hence velopharyngeal function would be
evaluated initially.
Which of the following is the minimal contrast approach most appropriately used to
treat?
A.Phonological disorders
B.Dysphagia
C.Dysarthria
D.Global aphasia - Answer-Option (A) is correct. Minimal contrast approach was one of
the first approaches designed to adhere to phonological principles of intervention.
Alicia is a fourth-grade student with a language impairment that interferes with her
academic performance and social communication. On a standardized test of expressive
language ability, she received an overall score of 97.5, placing her in the 65thsixty fifth
percentile. Alicia's test result indicates that she
A.performed as well as or better than 65% of the individuals on whom the norms were
developed
B.responded correctly to 65% of the 150 items included in the expressive-language test
C.performed as well as or better than 65% of the other fourth graders who took the
same test
D.responded correctly to 97.5% of the test items, as did 65% of the other children taking
the test - Answer-Option (A) is correct. Percentile rank is the percentage of the scores
within the norm range that are equal to or lower than the score gained by the student.
Which THREE of the following variables are considered risk factors for late language
emergence?
A.Male gender
B.Access to print material
C.Low socioeconomic status
D.Moderately low birth weight
, E.Exposure to rich and varied vocabulary - Answer-Options (A), (C), and (D) are
correct. Being of male gender is a risk factor cited by both ASHAA S H A and
researchers for late-talking toddlers. Having a low SESS E S is considered a risk factor
by ASHAA S H A and researchers for late talking. Finally low birth weight is a risk factor
as well.
During a trip to the grocery store, a three-year-old boy with delayed language points to
an apple on the floor and says to his mother, "Apple." The boy's mother says, "Yes,
that's a big, shiny apple."
Based on the mother's response, which of the following language stimulation techniques
is she using?
A.Imitation
B.Parallel talk
C.Think aloud
D.Expansion - Answer-Option (D) is correct. Expansion is a method that entails
providing a subject a more complex speech model but does not directly stimulate
another response from the subject.
An SLPS L P works with a 4-year-old patient diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
The patient is nonverbal, does not have a functional communication system, and does
not follow simple directions. Which of the following communicative target goals is most
appropriate for the SLPS L P to prioritize for the patient?
A.Matching identical pictures in an array of pictures
B.Requesting wants in any modality
C.Labeling of common items verbally
D.Imitating a sequence of two actions - Answer-Option (B) is correct. Requests (mands)
are very important for the early development of language and for day-to-day verbal
interactions with others. Requests (mands) are usually the first type of communication
acquired by an infant.
A 75-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent
a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The patient needed to be intubated
for three days following surgery. After extubation, the medical team requested a swallow
consultation to determine if it was safe for the patient to take oral medications and
initiate oral nutrition. Based on the patient's condition, which of the following
assessment procedures is most appropriate for an SLPS L P to practice?
A.Administering a clinical bedside swallow evaluation and recommending an oral diet as
there were no clinical signs or symptoms of aspiration during the evaluation
B.Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the patient was just extubated to allow
a possible improvement in the patient's swallow function before evaluation
C.Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to determine patient readiness for
an instrumen - Answer-Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental
