SOLUTION MANUAL
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
, Answers
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem,
CHAPTER 1 and determine the best possible plan of action.
CRITICAL THINKING, Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, Cue
ANDTHE
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment Definition: Working together with the health team to improve
patient outcomes.
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses;
generatesolutions; take action; evaluate outcomes; Intervention
repeat. Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
many directions. She was also crying in her car and hadpoor Evaluation
study habits and not enough sleep. Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from actual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected
work, and wasted time between classes that she could better outcomes met?
utilize. Your resources will be different, but they exist! Vigilance
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking to
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
determine why her current plan isn’t working. She thinks
honestly about her poor study habits, her time-
management problems, and the impact this is having on her
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
and her family. Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking to format. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin- ing
develop and carry out a plan that uses her resources and problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and
provides more productive study time and more quality time evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you think
with her kids. about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing? And
clinical judgment leads you to do something to manage the
VOCABULARY problem.
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
CUE RECOGNITION
Nursing process
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST thing is
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with listed below.
nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection, nursing
diagnosis, planning, implementation,and evaluation. 1. Sit the patient upright.
2. Call 911 while running across the street.
Critical thinking
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. pillow.
Also involves reflection, problem-solving, and related thinking 4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
skills. 5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
Clinical judgment
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and decision
making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
,2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing process,
The correct answers are in boldface.
for which the registered nurse is responsible; the LPN/LVN
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the may assist the registered nurse with these. Nitroglycerin should
patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answer. not be administered withoutfirst knowing the patient’s blood
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowing pressure.
something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) shows 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
expertise but not necessarily intellectual humility; freedomfrom injury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4)
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
humility. 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critical 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4) are
thinking but are examples of good thinking. all positive but do not show intent to take action.
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) are data;
achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of the (3) is a recommendation.
physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple- 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data provides
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process. only hip replacement as the patient’s problem, (5)
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca- tional thedietitian is not necessary.
nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
1. proof
2. context
3. quality
AUDIO CASE STUDY
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke that linger 6. outcomes
on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces in an area 7. gold
after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that exposure to 8. nursing
these toxins can be neurotoxic to children and can trigger 9. patient’s
asthma attacks in sensitive people. 10. information
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the gold
standardof health care. CLINICAL JUDGMENT
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and 1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to
collect the most relevant and best evidence ensure that the patient receives the best care possible
available.Step 3: Think critically. Appraise the
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance of the
evidence for validity, relevance to the situation, and
medical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion
applicability.
regarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after instituting the
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the practice 3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
decision or change. (CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Institute evidence-based
resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/ PubMed
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine
lozenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or 4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence-
varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well, too. based change in practice so comparisons can be made after
implementation to determine if the
A Cochrane Review found that advice and support from
nursing staff can increase patients’ success in quit- ting inter-vention worked
smoking, especially in a hospital setting. 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change made
a significant difference and if it was valuable interms of
VOCABULARY cost and time
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems. REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Evidence-based practice: A systematic process that uses current The correct answers are in boldface.
evidence in making decisions about patient care.
1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some- thing
2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of patient factors
is done promotes the understanding for why it is important
along with the use of evidence for shared decision making
to be done and therefore will more likely be done. (1, 2, 4)
between the health-care provider and the patient.
only communicate the need to perform a task. They do not
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in provide rationale for the task to pro- mote understanding of
which as many factors as possible that could falsely change the importance of the task.
the results are controlled.
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has been
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta- tion to
evaluated as appropriate for an agency provides the best
establish facts and analyze their significance.
and safest patient care. (1) Opinions may not be based on
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research using
guidelines.
Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Linda S. Hopper, Paula D.; Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57
1
, Answers
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem,
CHAPTER 1 and determine the best possible plan of action.
CRITICAL THINKING, Clinicaljudgment is based on good critical thinking.
CLINICAL JUDGMENT, Cue
ANDTHE
NURSING PROCESS
Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
AUDIO CASE STUDY Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment Definition: Working together with the health team to improve
patient outcomes.
1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses;
generatesolutions; take action; evaluate outcomes; Intervention
repeat. Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan.
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too
many directions. She was also crying in her car and hadpoor Evaluation
study habits and not enough sleep. Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected with
3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time from actual outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected
work, and wasted time between classes that she could better outcomes met?
utilize. Your resources will be different, but they exist! Vigilance
4. Critical thinking—the why: Jane uses critical thinking to
Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
determine why her current plan isn’t working. She thinks
honestly about her poor study habits, her time-
management problems, and the impact this is having on her
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT
and her family. Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similar
Clinical judgment—the do: Jane uses her thinking to format. Both follow steps from collecting data to determin- ing
develop and carry out a plan that uses her resources and problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and
provides more productive study time and more quality time evaluating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you think
with her kids. about the problem: What is it? Why is it happen- ing? And
clinical judgment leads you to do something to manage the
VOCABULARY problem.
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
CUE RECOGNITION
Nursing process
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRST thing is
Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with listed below.
nursing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection, nursing
diagnosis, planning, implementation,and evaluation. 1. Sit the patient upright.
2. Call 911 while running across the street.
Critical thinking
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under
Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or thecalves and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the
strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. pillow.
Also involves reflection, problem-solving, and related thinking 4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
skills. 5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
Clinical judgment
Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and decision
making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
,2 Chapter 1 Answers
CRITICAL THINKING
This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
Patient's
Headache
data
diabetic scale
REVIEW QUESTIONS taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the
nursing process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing process,
The correct answers are in boldface.
for which the registered nurse is responsible; the LPN/LVN
1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the may assist the registered nurse with these. Nitroglycerin should
patient. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answer. not be administered withoutfirst knowing the patient’s blood
2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowing pressure.
something is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) shows 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about
expertise but not necessarily intellectual humility; freedomfrom injury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such
(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; as air, oxygen, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4)
(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidence of isrelated to having positive self-esteem.
humility. 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order. 9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define critical 10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4) are
thinking but are examples of good thinking. all positive but do not show intent to take action.
5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are 11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) are data;
achieved and interventions effective. (2) is the role of the (3) is a recommendation.
physician. (1, 3) encompass data collection and imple- 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data provides
mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process. only hip replacement as the patient’s problem, (5)
6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca- tional thedietitian is not necessary.
nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
1
, Answers
CHAPTER 2 EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
1. proof
2. context
3. quality
AUDIO CASE STUDY
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice 5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke that linger 6. outcomes
on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces in an area 7. gold
after a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that exposure to 8. nursing
these toxins can be neurotoxic to children and can trigger 9. patient’s
asthma attacks in sensitive people. 10. information
2. Evidence-based practice is considered the gold
standardof health care. CLINICAL JUDGMENT
3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and 1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to
collect the most relevant and best evidence ensure that the patient receives the best care possible
available.Step 3: Think critically. Appraise the
2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance of the
evidence for validity, relevance to the situation, and
medical librarian, in the area of their burning ques- tion
applicability.
regarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after instituting the
change. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the practice 3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
decision or change. (CINAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Institute evidence-based
resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/ PubMed
4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine
lozenges worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or 4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence-
varenicline (Chantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well, too. based change in practice so comparisons can be made after
implementation to determine if the
A Cochrane Review found that advice and support from
nursing staff can increase patients’ success in quit- ting inter-vention worked
smoking, especially in a hospital setting. 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the change made
a significant difference and if it was valuable interms of
VOCABULARY cost and time
Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems. REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Evidence-based practice: A systematic process that uses current The correct answers are in boldface.
evidence in making decisions about patient care.
1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some- thing
2. Evidence-informed practice: Consideration of patient factors
is done promotes the understanding for why it is important
along with the use of evidence for shared decision making
to be done and therefore will more likely be done. (1, 2, 4)
between the health-care provider and the patient.
only communicate the need to perform a task. They do not
3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studies in provide rationale for the task to pro- mote understanding of
which as many factors as possible that could falsely change the importance of the task.
the results are controlled.
2. (3) is correct. Evidence-based nursing care that has been
4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta- tion to
evaluated as appropriate for an agency provides the best
establish facts and analyze their significance.
and safest patient care. (1) Opinions may not be based on
5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research using
guidelines.
