APK 3400 - EXAM 2 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Achievement Motivation - ANSWERAn individual's orientation to:
-strive for task success
-persist in the face of failure
-experience pride in accomplishments
-based on comparison with self
Competitiveness - ANSWERA disposition to strive:
-for satisfaction by achieving a standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative
others
- based on social comparison / evaluation
Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness influence ______ -
ANSWERmotivation (intensity and direction).
Need Achievement Theory: High Achievers - ANSWER-Primarily motivated to
achieve success
-Incentivized by competition with 50/50 chance of succeeding
-Feel pride in success, but minimal shame following failure
-Seek out challenging competitions
Need Achievement Theory: Low Achievers - ANSWER-Primarily motivated to avoid
failure
-Incentivized by competition with high chance of succeeding
-Feel high levels of shame following failure
-Avoid challenging competitions, prefer guaranteed success
Stress and Sport Injury Model:
Stress Response - ANSWER• Increase muscle tension
--Disrupted muscle coordination / co-contraction
--Joint / muscle injury
• Narrow attentional field
--Miss vital cues
• Increase distractibility
--Miss vital cues
• Increase Cortisol - chronic
--Blood sugar imbalance
--Increase fat storage, disrupt nutritional processing
--Suppress immune system - chronic inflammation
--Increase blood pressure
--Suppressed tissue repair
• Increased risk of injury
Stress and Sport Injury Model:
, Personality - ANSWER• Competitive trait anxiety
--Increased rate of injury occurrence
• Sensation seeking
--No increase in injury, improved recovery times
• Unpleasant Mood (long duration affect)
--Anger, hostility, tension, anxiety, aggression, defensive
pessimism
--Increase injury rates
--Increase injury severity
Need Achievement Theory contributes to: - ANSWER-understanding of how
perceptions of success or failure
influence motivation to seek out challenging or easier
competitive activities.
-other Achievement Motivation theories by providing
predictions on task preference and performance outcomes
Attribution Theory - ANSWER-Degree of Stability
-Stable: increase of decrease expectation of success
-Unstable: increase of decrease expectation of sucess
-Locus of Causality
-Internal: increased pride or shame
-External: decreased pride or shame
-Locus of Control
-Controllable: increased motivation
-Uncontrollable: decreased motivation
Desirable attributions following success: - ANSWER-Stable
-performance can be repeated
-Internal
-performer responsible for outcome (enhanced pride)
-Controllable
-performer has power to persist
Desirable attributions following failure: - ANSWER-Unstable
-performance outcome can be changed
External
-performers efforts not responsible for outcome (minimal shame)
-Controllable
-performer has power to change outcome
Undesirable attributions following success: - ANSWERUnstable
-performance may not be repeated
External
- outside forces responsible for outcome (no pride experienced)
Uncontrollable
-performer no (or limited) power to persist
Undesirable attributions following failure: - ANSWERStable
-performance outcome cannot be changed
ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Achievement Motivation - ANSWERAn individual's orientation to:
-strive for task success
-persist in the face of failure
-experience pride in accomplishments
-based on comparison with self
Competitiveness - ANSWERA disposition to strive:
-for satisfaction by achieving a standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative
others
- based on social comparison / evaluation
Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness influence ______ -
ANSWERmotivation (intensity and direction).
Need Achievement Theory: High Achievers - ANSWER-Primarily motivated to
achieve success
-Incentivized by competition with 50/50 chance of succeeding
-Feel pride in success, but minimal shame following failure
-Seek out challenging competitions
Need Achievement Theory: Low Achievers - ANSWER-Primarily motivated to avoid
failure
-Incentivized by competition with high chance of succeeding
-Feel high levels of shame following failure
-Avoid challenging competitions, prefer guaranteed success
Stress and Sport Injury Model:
Stress Response - ANSWER• Increase muscle tension
--Disrupted muscle coordination / co-contraction
--Joint / muscle injury
• Narrow attentional field
--Miss vital cues
• Increase distractibility
--Miss vital cues
• Increase Cortisol - chronic
--Blood sugar imbalance
--Increase fat storage, disrupt nutritional processing
--Suppress immune system - chronic inflammation
--Increase blood pressure
--Suppressed tissue repair
• Increased risk of injury
Stress and Sport Injury Model:
, Personality - ANSWER• Competitive trait anxiety
--Increased rate of injury occurrence
• Sensation seeking
--No increase in injury, improved recovery times
• Unpleasant Mood (long duration affect)
--Anger, hostility, tension, anxiety, aggression, defensive
pessimism
--Increase injury rates
--Increase injury severity
Need Achievement Theory contributes to: - ANSWER-understanding of how
perceptions of success or failure
influence motivation to seek out challenging or easier
competitive activities.
-other Achievement Motivation theories by providing
predictions on task preference and performance outcomes
Attribution Theory - ANSWER-Degree of Stability
-Stable: increase of decrease expectation of success
-Unstable: increase of decrease expectation of sucess
-Locus of Causality
-Internal: increased pride or shame
-External: decreased pride or shame
-Locus of Control
-Controllable: increased motivation
-Uncontrollable: decreased motivation
Desirable attributions following success: - ANSWER-Stable
-performance can be repeated
-Internal
-performer responsible for outcome (enhanced pride)
-Controllable
-performer has power to persist
Desirable attributions following failure: - ANSWER-Unstable
-performance outcome can be changed
External
-performers efforts not responsible for outcome (minimal shame)
-Controllable
-performer has power to change outcome
Undesirable attributions following success: - ANSWERUnstable
-performance may not be repeated
External
- outside forces responsible for outcome (no pride experienced)
Uncontrollable
-performer no (or limited) power to persist
Undesirable attributions following failure: - ANSWERStable
-performance outcome cannot be changed
