west coast emt final questions and solutions

west coast emt final questions and solutions

coronal (frontal) plane - correct answersdivides body into front and back
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sagittal (lateral) plane - correct answersdivides body into left and right
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midsagittal (midline) plane - correct answersdivides the body into equal left and right halves
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transverse (axial) plane - correct answersdivides the body into a top and bottom portion
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Cells - correct answersfoundation of the human body
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Tissues - correct answerscells that share a common function
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Organs - correct answersgroups of tissues that perform similar or interrelated jobs
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Body systems - correct answersorgans with similar function working together
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skeleton composed of - correct answers206 bones nk nk nk nk nk nk




axial skeleton - correct answersforms the longitudinal axis of the body from the skull to the coccyx.
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Includes the skull, facial bones, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.
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appendicular skeleton - correct answerscomprises the upper and lower extremities and the points by which they
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connect to the axial skeleton
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pelvis - correct answersincludes portions from both the axial and appendicular skeletons.
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Joints - correct answers§ Occur wherever bones come in contact
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§ Consist of the ends of the bones and the connecting and supporting tissues
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Ball-and-socket joint - correct answersAllows rotation and bending nk nk nk nk nk nk nk




ex. shoulder and hip
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Hinge joint - correct answersMotion restricted to flexion and extension
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ex. elbow and knee
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Ligaments - correct answersfibrous tissues that connect bone to bone, helping to stabilize the joint.
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tendons - correct answersattach muscle to bonenk nk nk nk nk nk




Sympheses - correct answersConnects surfaces of bones; ex. joints between vertebrae
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joint capsule - correct answersThe fibrous sac that encloses a joint.
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articular cartilage - correct answers- covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
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,- allows the ends of bones to glide easily.
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synovial membrane - correct answersinner lining of the joint capsule
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Cranium - correct answersProtects the brain and consists of 4 bones:
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1. Occiput (posterior portion)
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2. Temporal bones (lateral portions)
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3. Parietal bone (located between the temporal bones and occiput)
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4. Frontal bone (forehead)
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Skull - correct answersConsists of 28 bones divided into three groups: the cranium, the facial bones, and three sma
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bones in the ear.
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Facial bones - correct answersconsist of 14 bones
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a. Upper, nonmovable jawbones (maxillae)
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b. Cheekbones (zygomas)
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c. Lower, movable portion of jaw (mandible)
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d. Orbits (eye sockets) include zygomas, maxillae, and frontal bones of cranium.
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e. Very short bones that form the bridge of the nose
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cervical spine (neck) - correct answers7 vertebrae
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thoracic spine (upper back) - correct answersone pair of ribs attached to each of the 12 vertebrae.
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lumbar spine (lower back) - correct answers5 vertebrae.
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sacrum (back wall of pelvis) - correct answers5 fused vertebrae that join the pelvis.
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coccyx (tailbone) - correct answers4 fused vertebrae
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Thoracic cavity contains: - correct answers- Heart nk nk nk nk nk nk




- Lungs
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- Esophagus
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- Great vessels
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upper extremity - correct answers- extends from pectoral girdle to fingertips
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- Composed of arms, forearms, hands, and fingers
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shoulder girdle - correct answersclavicle, scapula and humerus come together
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Arm - correct answers- Humerus is the supporting bone
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- Forearm consists of the radius and ulna
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- Radius on lateral side
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- Ulna on medial side
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Wrist and hand - correct answers- Ball-and-socket joint
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- Principal bones: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
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pelvic girdle - correct answers- Two coxae (hip bones)
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- Sacrum
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- Coccyx
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,Each pelvic bone is formed by fusion of the - correct answersilium, ischium, pubis
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Posteriorly, the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones are joined - correct answersby the sacrum
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Anteriorly, the pubic symphysis is - correct answerswhere the right and left pubis are joined.
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Femur - correct answers- Longest bone in body
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- Connects into the acetabulum (pelvic girdle) by a ball-and-socket joint
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- The greater and lesser trochanter are where the major muscles of the thigh connect to the femur.
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Knee - correct answersconnects the upper leg to the lower leg
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Kneecap - correct answerspatella nk nk nk




Lower leg - correct answerstibia and fibula
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Tibia - correct answersshin bone
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- anterior of leg
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fibula - correct answersThe lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
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Ankle - correct answers- A hinge joint
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- Allows flexion/extension of foot
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Foot - correct answers- Contains 7 tarsal bones
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- 5 metatarsal bones form substance of foot
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- Toes are formed by phalanges
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Foot - correct answersa. Contains 7 tarsal bones
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b. Talus and calcaneus are the largest bones
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c. Talus joins with the distal tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint
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c. Calcaneus forms prominence of heel
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d. 5 metatarsal bones form the substance of the foot
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e. Plantar surface: the bottom surface of the foot
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f. Dorsum: the top of the foot
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g. 5 toes formed by 14 phalanges
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1. 2 phalanges in the great toe
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2. 3 phalanges in each of the smaller toes
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The skeletal system: - correct answers- Gives the body its shape
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- Protects fragile organs
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- Allows for movement
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- Stores calcium
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- Helps create blood cells
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Musculoskeletal system provides: - correct answers- Form nk nk nk nk nk nk




- Upright posture
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- Movement
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- Protection of vital internal organs
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,Types of muscles: - correct answers- Skeletal (voluntary) muscle
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- Smooth muscle
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- Cardiac muscle
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Upper Airway - correct answers- Nose nk nk nk nk nk




- Mouth (oral cavity)
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- Tongue
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- Jaw (mandible)
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- Larynx
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- Pharynx
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- Trachea
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Pharynx - correct answersa. Nasopharynx nk nk nk nk




b. Oropharynx (throat)
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c. Laryngopharynx
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Trachea (windpipe) - correct answersa. Located at the bottom of the pharynx
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b. Semi-rigid, enclosed air tube made up of rings of cartilage
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Epiglottis - correct answersThin, leaf-shaped flap that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea
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Larynx (voice box) - correct answersDividing line between the upper and lower airway
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Thyroid cartilage - correct answersAdam's apple nk nk nk nk nk




Cricoid cartilage - correct answers- immediately below the thyroid cartilage
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Trachea - correct answers- below the cricoid cartilage nk nk nk nk nk nk nk




- Ends at carina, dividing into right and left bronchi leading to bronchioles
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Cricothyroid membrane - correct answersbetween the thyroid and cricoid cartilage nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk




The two lungs are held in place by: - correct answerstrachea, arteries and veins, pulmonary ligaments
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within the lobes of the lungs are - correct answersbronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
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Pleura - correct answersa layer of smooth, glistening tissue that covers each lung and lines the chest cavity
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______ is the primary muscles of breathing. - correct answersDiaphragm
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Muscles of breathing - correct answersa. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of breathing
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i. Contains voluntary and involuntary muscle
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b. Cervical muscles
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c. Intercostal muscles
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d. Abdominal muscles
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e. Pectoral muscles
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Inhalation - correct answers- Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract nk nk nk nk nk nk nk nk




- Pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases
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- Lungs fill with air
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- Active part of the respiratory cycle
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