West Virginia University • Morgantown WV Biology 316 -
Exam 1 Material Questions With Complete Solutions
homunculus
fully formed miniature adult that was thought to be present
inside of reproductive cells
preformation
a theory that stated that there was preformed adults present
inside reproductive cells
epigenesis
theory supported by Aristotle that the organs of the embryo are
formed from scratch at each generation
How did epigenesis debunk preformation theory?
development of microscopy work that allowed scientists
discover sperm and egg cells
How did the field of developmental biology come to be?
- observations of how organisms develop under a microscope
- embryology and molecular biology merged
What other fields have developmental biology spurred the
development of?
genetics
cell biology
oncology
immunology
,evo/devo
neurobiology
systems biology
What are the stages of embryogenesis beginning with
fertilization?
fertilization
cleavage
gastrulation
organogenesis
metamorphosis
gametogenesis
fertilization
fusion of male and female gametes followed by fusion of the
haploid gamete nuclei to restore the full complement of
chromosomes characteristic of the species and initiation in the
egg cytoplasm of the reactions that permit development to
proceed
cleavage
a series of rapid mitotic cell divisions following fertilization in
many early embryos; divides the embryo without increasing
mass; forms a blastula
gastrulation
process involving movement of the blastomeres of the embryo
relative to one another resulting in the formation of the three
germ layers of the embryo
, organogenesis
interactions between, and rearrangement of, cells of the three
germ layers to produce tissues and organs
metamorphosis
changing from one form to another, such as the transformation
of an insect larva into a sexually mature adult or tadpole to a
frog
gametogenesis
the production of gametes
spermiogenesis or oogenesis
life cycle of a whole organism
gamete -> zygote -> embryo -> adult
life cycle on the cellular level
1 cell haploid with 2 cell types -> 1 cell diploid with 1 cell type -
> multiple cells with multiple cell types -> large number of cells
with 200+ cell types
What are the cells of the germ line?
blastomere
somatic cells
germ cells
gametes
blastomere
- cleavage-stage cell resulting from mitosis
- able to divide into both somatic and germ cells
Exam 1 Material Questions With Complete Solutions
homunculus
fully formed miniature adult that was thought to be present
inside of reproductive cells
preformation
a theory that stated that there was preformed adults present
inside reproductive cells
epigenesis
theory supported by Aristotle that the organs of the embryo are
formed from scratch at each generation
How did epigenesis debunk preformation theory?
development of microscopy work that allowed scientists
discover sperm and egg cells
How did the field of developmental biology come to be?
- observations of how organisms develop under a microscope
- embryology and molecular biology merged
What other fields have developmental biology spurred the
development of?
genetics
cell biology
oncology
immunology
,evo/devo
neurobiology
systems biology
What are the stages of embryogenesis beginning with
fertilization?
fertilization
cleavage
gastrulation
organogenesis
metamorphosis
gametogenesis
fertilization
fusion of male and female gametes followed by fusion of the
haploid gamete nuclei to restore the full complement of
chromosomes characteristic of the species and initiation in the
egg cytoplasm of the reactions that permit development to
proceed
cleavage
a series of rapid mitotic cell divisions following fertilization in
many early embryos; divides the embryo without increasing
mass; forms a blastula
gastrulation
process involving movement of the blastomeres of the embryo
relative to one another resulting in the formation of the three
germ layers of the embryo
, organogenesis
interactions between, and rearrangement of, cells of the three
germ layers to produce tissues and organs
metamorphosis
changing from one form to another, such as the transformation
of an insect larva into a sexually mature adult or tadpole to a
frog
gametogenesis
the production of gametes
spermiogenesis or oogenesis
life cycle of a whole organism
gamete -> zygote -> embryo -> adult
life cycle on the cellular level
1 cell haploid with 2 cell types -> 1 cell diploid with 1 cell type -
> multiple cells with multiple cell types -> large number of cells
with 200+ cell types
What are the cells of the germ line?
blastomere
somatic cells
germ cells
gametes
blastomere
- cleavage-stage cell resulting from mitosis
- able to divide into both somatic and germ cells
