Maternal & Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family, 7th edition - Glossary exam 837 Questions With verified aswers A+ !!!!

Maternal & Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family, 7th edition - Glossary exam 837 Questions With verified aswers A+ !!!! .abortion: - ANSWER-any interruption of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable (a stage of development that will enable the fetus to survive outside the uterus if born at that time) .absorption: - ANSWER-transfer of a drug from its point of entry in the body into the bloodstream .abstinence: - ANSWER-refraining from sexual intercourse .abstract thought: - ANSWER-final stage in cognitive thought processes; allows problem solving and creating hypotheses .accommodation: - ANSWER-adjustment of the eye to focus on a close image (ophthalmology); the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived (Piaget) .acculturation: - ANSWER-the process of losing cultural beliefs and values to those of a dominant society .acrocyanosis: - ANSWER-cyanosis (blue color) in the feet and hands acute bilirubin encephalopathy: permanent damage of brain cells caused when high levels (about 20 mg-100 ml) of indirect bilirubin leave the bloodstream and interfere with the chemical synthesis of brain cells .acute pain: - ANSWER-sharp pain, generally occurring abruptly after an injury acyanotic heart disease: heart or circulatory anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flow of blood or a shunt that moves blood from the arterial to the venous system (oxygenated to unoxygenated blood, or left-to-right shunts) .adolescence: - ANSWER-the time period between 13 years and 18 to 20 years .adrenarche: - ANSWER-pubic and axillary hair that occur with puberty adventitious sounds: extra or abnormal breathing sounds affective learning: learning that involves a change in attitude .afterload: - ANSWER-the resistance against which the cardiac ventricles must pump .afterpains: - ANSWER-intermittent cramping due to uterine contraction during involution in the postpartal period .age of viability: - ANSWER-the earliest age at which fetuses could survive if they were born at that time; generally accepted as 24 weeks, or fetuses weighing more than 400 g .alleles: - ANSWER-two like genes .allergen: - ANSWER-antigen that causes the release of mediating substances causing tissue injury and allergic symptoms .allogeneic transplantation: - ANSWER-transfer of body tissues from an immune-compatible (histocompatible) donor .allografting: - ANSWER-transfer of body tissue between two genetically dissimilar individuals .Alport's syndrome: - ANSWER-a progressive chronic glomerulonephritis inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder .alternative birthing center: - ANSWER-a setting for birth separate from a hospital .alternative insemination: - ANSWER-assistive reproductive technique, in which sperm is deposited into a woman's cervix or uterus .amblyopia: - ANSWER-reduced vision in one eye; ―lazy eye‖ .amenorrhea: - ANSWER-absence of a menstrual flow .amniocentesis: - ANSWER-the withdrawal of amniotic fluid from the uterus by means of introduction of a needle through the abdominal and uterine wall .amnioinfusion: - ANSWER-enlarging the amount of amniotic fluid by administration of normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution intravaginally into the uterus .amniotic fluid embolism: - ANSWER-condition in which amniotic fluid is forced into maternal circulation and travels to the lungs as small emboli .amniotic membrane: - ANSWER-the innermost membrane surrounding the fetus; it secretes amniotic fluid .amniotomy: - ANSWER-artificial rupturing of membranes during labor if they do not rupture spontaneously .analgesia: - ANSWER-a medication that reduces or decreases awareness of pain .anaphylaxis: - ANSWER-acute hypersensitivity (type I) reaction characterized by extreme vasodilation that leads to circulatory shock and extreme bronchoconstriction that decreases the airway lumens .andrology: - ANSWER-the branch of medicine that treats the male and diseases specific to the male sex .anesthesia: - ANSWER-a medication that causes partial or complete loss of sensation .anhedonia: - ANSWER-inability to remember the last time when a person felt happy or had a good time .ankle clonus: - ANSWER-continued motion of the foot .ankyloglossia: - ANSWER-an abnormal restriction of the tongue caused by an abnormally tight frenulum .anovulation: - ANSWER-faulty or inadequate release of ova .anoxia: - ANSWER-lack of oxygen in body cells .anteflexion: - ANSWER-a uterus that is bent forward just above the cervix .anteversion: - ANSWER-a uterus that is tipped abnormally forward including the cervix .anticipatory grief: - ANSWER-preparatory phase in which people gradually incorporate the reality of impending death into their thoughts .antigen: - ANSWER-any foreign substance (molecule) capable of stimulating an immune response antiphospholipid antibodies: antibodies that attack phospholipids, often associated with an autoimmune disorder .antitoxins: - ANSWER-antibodies against toxin-producing bacteria .apnea: - ANSWER-pause in respirations longer than 20 seconds with accompanying bradycardia apparent life-threatening event (ALTE): an episode in which an infant is cyanotic and limp in bed but survives after mouth-to-mouth resuscitation .apposition: - ANSWER-the amount of end-to-end contact of bone fragments appropriate for gestational age (AGA): newborn who falls between the 10th and 90th percentile of weight for age regardless of gestational age .areola: - ANSWER-the pigmented circle surrounding the nipple arterial blood gases (ABGs): the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood .arthroscopy: - ANSWER-direct visualization of a joint with a fiberoptic instrument .aspermia: - ANSWER-absence of sperm .aspiration studies: - ANSWER-studies involving the removal of body fluids by such techniques as lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspiration .aspiration: - ANSWER-inhalation of a foreign object into the airway .assimilation: - ANSWER-changing a situation or one's perception of it to fit one's thoughts .astereognosis: - ANSWER-difficulty identifying objects placed in the hand when the eyes are closed .astigmatism: - ANSWER-congenital or acquired unevenness of the curvature of the cornea .atelectasis: - ANSWER-collapse of alveoli .atopic dermatitis: - ANSWER-an itchy inflammation of the skin, primarily affecting infants; also known as infantile eczema .atresia: - ANSWER-complete closure of a body opening .attachment: - ANSWER-successful bonding between a woman and her newborn .attitude: - ANSWER-the degree of head flexion a fetus assumes during labor, or the relation of the fetal parts to each other .audiogram: - ANSWER-a test to measure hearing .augmentation of labor: - ANSWER-assisting labor that has started spontaneously to be more effective .auscultation: - ANSWER-listening with the aid of a stethoscope .autografting: - ANSWER-transplantation of tissue from one part of the body to another in the same individual .autoimmunity: - ANSWER-an inability to distinguish self from nonself, causing the immune system to carry out immune responses against normal cells and tissue .autologous transplantation: - ANSWER-transplantation using the person's own previously removed tissue .automatisms: - ANSWER-complex purposeless movements, such as lip smacking or fumbling hand movements .autonomic dysreflexia: - ANSWER-a powerful sympathetic reflex reaction that causes signs of hypertension, tachycardia, flushed face, and severe occipital headache .autonomy versus shame or doubt: - ANSWER-developmental task of the toddler; learning to be independent and make decisions for self .autonomy: - ANSWER-independence .azotemia: - ANSWER-accumulation of nitrogen waste in the bloodstream .B - ANSWER- .baby-bottle syndrome: - ANSWER-decay of all the upper teeth and the lower posterior teeth, usually due to putting an infant to bed with a bottle .balloon angioplasty: - ANSWER-procedure usually by way of cardiac catheterization in which a catheter with an uninflated balloon at its tip is inserted and passed through the heart into a stenosed valve; as the balloon is inflated, it breaks valve adhesions and may relieve the stenosis .ballottement: - ANSWER-the sensation of an object rebounding after being pushed by an examining hand; used for pregnancy diagnosis .bariatric surgery: - ANSWER-weight-control method to reduce overeating by surgically reducing stomach size .barrier method: - ANSWER-a method of reproductive life planning in which sperm are prevented from entering the cervix .basal body temperature: - ANSWER-temperature of the body at rest .battledore placenta: - ANSWER-a placenta with the cord inserted marginally rather than centrally .behavioral therapy: - ANSWER-a system of rewarding a person for desired behavior and ignoring or punishing the person for undesired behavior; also called ―behavior modification‖ .beriberi: - ANSWER-deficiency of vitamin B1 involving tingling and numbness of extremities, heart palpitations, and exhaustion .bicornuate uterus: - ANSWER-a uterus that has two fundal horns; it may have an accompanying septum .bifidus factor: - ANSWER-specific growth-promoting factor for the bacteria Lactobacillus bifidus whose presence in breast milk interferes with colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract .binge eating: - ANSWER-episodes of uncontrollable intake of large amounts of food over a specified period of time .binocular vision: - ANSWER-ability to fuse two images into one .biologic gender: - ANSWER-a person's chromosomal sexual designation of being male (XY) or female (XX) .biopsy: - ANSWER-surgical removal of tissue cells for laboratory analysis .birthing bed: - ANSWER-a bed specifically prepared for birth .birthing chair: - ANSWER-a chair used in labor and birth .birthing room: - ANSWER-a specifically prepared room for aiding comfort, safety, and conduct of birth .blended family: - ANSWER-a remarried or reconstituted family .blood dyscrasias: - ANSWER-hematologic disorders .body mass index: - ANSWER-determination of body weight by comparing height to weight (weight divided by height squared) .bonding: - ANSWER-successful linking between a woman and her newborn .boomerang generation: - ANSWER-young adults returning home to live with their family after college of a failed relationship .Braxton Hicks contractions: - ANSWER-painless, erratic uterine contractions that occur toward the end of pregnancy; they ready the cervix for labor, but cervical dilation does not occur with them .breech presentation: - ANSWER-fetal presentation in which either the buttocks or feet are the first body parts to contact the cervix .broken fluency: - ANSWER-repetition and prolongation of sounds, syllables, and words .bronchoscopy: - ANSWER-a procedure in which a bronchoscope, a specially designed tube, is passed through the nose or mouth to observe the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli .brown fat: - ANSWER-the special tissue present in newborns to maintain body temperature .bruit: - ANSWER-a swishing or blowing sound that occurs with turbulent blood flow, such as if there is an outpouching of the aorta .bruxism: - ANSWER-grinding the teeth during sleep .C - ANSWER- .calorie counting: - ANSWER-counting the number of calories that a person ingests in 1 day .caput succedaneum: - ANSWER-edema of the scalp at the presenting part of the head .cardiac catheterization: - ANSWER-a procedure in which a small radiopaque catheter is passed through a major vein in the arm, leg, or neck into the heart to secure blood samples or inject dye, to evaluate cardiac function .cardinal movements of labor: - ANSWER-position changes to keep the smallest diameter of the fetal head (in cephalic presentations) always presenting to the smallest diameter of the birth canal (descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, and expulsion) .caries: - ANSWER-dental cavities .carpopedal spasm: - ANSWER-abduction of the hand and flexion of the wrist with the thumb positioned across the palm .cartilage: - ANSWER-connective tissue .case management nursing: - ANSWER-one nurse being in charge of a patient's care from admission to discharge .catarrhal stage: - ANSWER-inflammation of the nose and throat during infectious diseases .catatonia: - ANSWER-immobility .caudal regression syndrome: - ANSWER-hypoplasia of the lower extremities occurring primarily in infants of diabetic mothers .cavernous hemangioma: - ANSWER-type of birthmark evidenced as a dilated vascular space .cell-mediated immunity: - ANSWER-type of immune response due to T-lymphocyte activity .centering: - ANSWER-focusing on only one aspect of an object or situation .central cyanosis: - ANSWER-cyanosis of the trunk .cephalic presentation: - ANSWER-fetal presentation in which the head is the body part that first contacts the cervix .cephalocaudal: - ANSWER-relating to head and tail; progression of development in a fetus and child .cephalohematoma: - ANSWER-collection of blood under the periosteum of the skull bone caused by pressure at birth .cervical cap: - ANSWER-a latex barrier method of contraception that fits over the uterine cervix .cervical cerclage: - ANSWER-suturing of the cervix to maintain a pregnancy to prevent premature cervical dilatation .cesarean birth: - ANSWER-birth accomplished through an incision into the uterus .Chadwick's sign: - ANSWER-discolorization of vaginal walls from pink to violet .chain of infection: - ANSWER-method by which organisms are spread and enter a new individual to cause disease .chemotaxis: - ANSWER-―calling‖ leukocytes into the area .chemotherapeutic agent: - ANSWER-one that is capable of destroying malignant cells .chief concern: - ANSWER-the reason the parents or patient has come to the health care agency .chloasma: - ANSWER-extra pigment on the face .choreiform movements: - ANSWER-aimless movements .choreoathetosis: - ANSWER-rapid, purposeless movements .choreoid: - ANSWER-irregular and jerking movements .chorioamnionitis: - ANSWER-infection of the fetal membranes and amniotic fluid .chorionic membrane: - ANSWER-the outer fetal membrane .chorionic villi: - ANSWER-projections of the trophoblast that produce human chorionic gonadotropin and begin osmosis of nutrients to the embryo .chromosome: - ANSWER-the structure that weaves genes into strands in the nucleus of all body cells .chronic pain: - ANSWER-pain that lasts for a prolonged period of time (often defined as 6 months' time) .clarifying: - ANSWER-repeating statements others have made so that both parties can be certain the meaning is understood .class inclusion: - ANSWER-the ability to understand that objects can belong to more than one classification .classic cesarean incision: - ANSWER-an incision that is made vertically through both the abdominal skin and the uterus .clean-catch urine specimen: - ANSWER-urine specimen obtained after the urinary meatus has been cleaned .cleansing breath: - ANSWER-a deep breath taken at the beginning and end of breathing exercises during labor that helps prevent hyperventilation .cleft lip: - ANSWER-failure of the maxillary and median nasal processes to fuse normally .cleft palate: - ANSWER-an opening of the palate .client advocacy: - ANSWER-safeguarding and advancing the interests of clients and their families .clubbing: - ANSWER-a change in the angle between the fingernail and nailbed because of increased capillary growth in the fingertips; a response to hypoxia .cognitive development: - ANSWER-the acquisition of the ability to think and reason .cognitive learning: - ANSWER-learning that involves a change in the individual's level of understanding or knowledge .coitus interruptus: - ANSWER-a method of contraception in which the penis is withdrawn from the vagina before ejaculation .coitus: - ANSWER-sexual relations .colonoscopy: - ANSWER-a procedure in which a colonoscope, a specially designed tube, is passed through the anus to examine the rectum or colon .colostrum: - ANSWER-a thin, watery, yellow fluid composed of protein, sugar, fat, water, minerals, vitamins, and maternal antibodies that precedes breast milk .comedones: - ANSWER-the lesions of acne vulgaris; ―blackheads‖ .communication: - ANSWER-the exchange of ideas between two or more persons .community: - ANSWER-a limited geographic area in which the residents relate to and interact among themselves .compartment syndrome: - ANSWER-phenomenon that can occur when a cast or tight constrictive dressing puts pressure on an enclosed space .complement protein: - ANSWER-a special body protein that is capable of lysing cells; composed of 20 different proteins that are normally nonfunctional molecules but become active with the immune response .complex vocal tics: - ANSWER-repeated use of words or phrases out of context .complex vocal tics: - ANSWER-repeated use of words or phrases out of context .complicated grief: - ANSWER-chronic sorrow that arises when one does not arrive at the final stage of grief (acceptance) .computed tomography (CT): - ANSWER-x-ray procedure in which many views of an organ or body part are made to represent what the organ would look like if it were cut into thin slices .conditioned reflex: - ANSWER-a reflex to respond to a specific stimulus developed by training .condom: - ANSWER-a latex barrier method of contraception worn on the penis (a male condom) or inserted vaginally (a female condom); provides some protection against STIs as well .conduction: - ANSWER-transfer of body heat to a cooler solid object in contact with the body .congestive heart failure: - ANSWER-a condition in which the myocardium of the heart cannot pump and circulate enough blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to body cells .conjunctivitis: - ANSWER-commonly called ―pink eye‖ by parents; an infection of the conjunctiva that covers the eye .conscious relaxation: - ANSWER-deliberately relaxing one set of muscles, then another, and another until the body is completely relaxed .conscious sedation: - ANSWER-a state of depressed consciousness obtained by IV analgesia therapy .consciously controlled breathing: - ANSWER-deliberately spaced breathing to achieve a desired rate .conservation: - ANSWER-property of an object when a change in form does not equate to a change in size or amount .contraceptive: - ANSWER-a method or device to prevent the fertilization of the human ovum .contractility: - ANSWER-the ability of the ventricles to stretch; refers to the force of contraction generated by the myocardial muscle .contrecoup injury: - ANSWER-an injury resulting from a blow to one side of the skull that causes the brain to rebound and then injure the opposite side .convalescent period: - ANSWER-interval between when infectious symptoms begin to fade and the patient returns to full wellness .convection: - ANSWER-flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air .coprolalia: - ANSWER-use of socially unacceptable words, usually obscenities .couvade syndrome: - ANSWER-somatic symptoms experienced by the father during pregnancy simulating those of the pregnant mother .Couvelaire uterus: - ANSWER-uteroplacental apoplexy due to blood entering the uterine musculature .crowning: - ANSWER-the appearance of the fetal head at the perineum just before birth .cryptorchidism: - ANSWER-failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum .culdoscopy: - ANSWER-the introduction of an endoscope through the posterior vaginal wall to view the pelvic organs .cultural awareness: - ANSWER-being aware that we all live and function within a culture of our own and that our identity is shaped by it .cultural competence: - ANSWER-capacity to work effectively and with people, integrating elements of their culture—vocabulary, values, attitudes, rules, and norms .cultural humility: - ANSWER-lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique that begins, not with an assessment of a client's belief, but rather an assessment of your own .cultural values: - ANSWER-preferred ways of acting based on cultural traditions .culture specific: - ANSWER-values, norms, and patterns of behavior unique to one culture .culture universal: - ANSWER-values, norms, and patterns of behavior shared across almost all cultures .culture: - ANSWER-the learned way of life of a community or society .cutaneous pain: - ANSWER-pain that arises from superficial structures such as the skin and mucous membrane