NURS 534 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Concerning the function of the proximal tubule:
A. most of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule in an iso-
osmotic fashion.
B. the concentration of PAH doesn't change much along the length of the proximal
tubule
C. under normal conditions, most of the filtered glucose and bicarbonate are reabsorbed
in the proximal tubule
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔D. A and C are correct
✔✔Concerning water reabsorption by the proximal tubule:
A. main driving forces for water reabsorption in the proximal tubule are solute uptake
and oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries
B. a significant amount of water uptake in the proximal tubule is dependent on sodium
uptake by the Na/H antiports present in their luminal membrane
C. aquaporine-I (water channels) are abundantly present in the cellular membranes of
proximal tubule cells
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. All are correct
✔✔Concerning the THICK loop of Henle:
A. the thick segment of the loop has a very powerful Na/K/2Cl pump that moves salt
from the tubular lumen into the peritubular space
B. water and urea move freely across the epithelium of the thick ascending segment of
the loop
C. following the administration of furosemide (lasix) large volumes of diluted urine are
produced
D. A and C are correct
, E. all are correct - ✔✔D. A and C are correct
✔✔Concerning urinary concentration:
A. the thick loop of Henle generates most of the osmotic gradient needed for
reabsorption of water in the collecting duct
B. the tubular urine that reaches the collecting duct is generally hypotonic with respect
to plasma
C. in the absence of ADH, urine is not concentrated along the length of the collecting
duct
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. All are correct
✔✔Concerning the transport of urea in the different segments of the nephron:
A. main tubular urea sound is the plasma via the glomerular ultrafiltrate
B. the urea concentration in the lumen of the cortical collecting ducts increases as water
is reabsorbed
C. the thin loop of Henle and the medullary collecting duct are permeable to urea
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. all are correct
✔✔Concerning the macula densa:
A. the macula densa senses the total amount of sodium chloride (sodium chloride
concentration times volume) of tubular urine being delivered by the loop of Henle into
the distal convoluted tubule
B. if the delivery of sodium chloride is lower than normal the macula densa signals the
afferent arteriole (pre-glomerular) to release renin
C. renin release causes intravascular angiotensin formation and indirectly aldosterone
release
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. all are correct
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Concerning the function of the proximal tubule:
A. most of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule in an iso-
osmotic fashion.
B. the concentration of PAH doesn't change much along the length of the proximal
tubule
C. under normal conditions, most of the filtered glucose and bicarbonate are reabsorbed
in the proximal tubule
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔D. A and C are correct
✔✔Concerning water reabsorption by the proximal tubule:
A. main driving forces for water reabsorption in the proximal tubule are solute uptake
and oncotic pressure in peritubular capillaries
B. a significant amount of water uptake in the proximal tubule is dependent on sodium
uptake by the Na/H antiports present in their luminal membrane
C. aquaporine-I (water channels) are abundantly present in the cellular membranes of
proximal tubule cells
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. All are correct
✔✔Concerning the THICK loop of Henle:
A. the thick segment of the loop has a very powerful Na/K/2Cl pump that moves salt
from the tubular lumen into the peritubular space
B. water and urea move freely across the epithelium of the thick ascending segment of
the loop
C. following the administration of furosemide (lasix) large volumes of diluted urine are
produced
D. A and C are correct
, E. all are correct - ✔✔D. A and C are correct
✔✔Concerning urinary concentration:
A. the thick loop of Henle generates most of the osmotic gradient needed for
reabsorption of water in the collecting duct
B. the tubular urine that reaches the collecting duct is generally hypotonic with respect
to plasma
C. in the absence of ADH, urine is not concentrated along the length of the collecting
duct
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. All are correct
✔✔Concerning the transport of urea in the different segments of the nephron:
A. main tubular urea sound is the plasma via the glomerular ultrafiltrate
B. the urea concentration in the lumen of the cortical collecting ducts increases as water
is reabsorbed
C. the thin loop of Henle and the medullary collecting duct are permeable to urea
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. all are correct
✔✔Concerning the macula densa:
A. the macula densa senses the total amount of sodium chloride (sodium chloride
concentration times volume) of tubular urine being delivered by the loop of Henle into
the distal convoluted tubule
B. if the delivery of sodium chloride is lower than normal the macula densa signals the
afferent arteriole (pre-glomerular) to release renin
C. renin release causes intravascular angiotensin formation and indirectly aldosterone
release
D. A and C are correct
E. all are correct - ✔✔E. all are correct
