NURS 534 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔You are administrating a colloid infusion (albumin) to a patient. What direct effect will
your infusion have on the blood plasma?
a. Will increase hydrostatic pressure
b. Will increase plasma oncotic pressure
c. Will increase the blood pH
d. Will decrease plasma oncotic pressure - ✔✔B. Will increase plasma on optic
pressure
✔✔According to Fick's Law of Diffusion, which of the following would INCREASE a
substance's rate of diffusion?
a. Increasing the membrane thickness
b. Increasing the surface area for diffusion
c. Decreasing the concentration gradient of the substance between the two areas
d. All of the above - ✔✔B. Increasing the surface area for diffusion
✔✔Which of the following solutions would cause cells to swell with fluid?
a. A hypertonic saline solution (ie, lower extracellular sodium concentration)
b. A hypotonic saline solution (ie, higher extracellular sodium concentration)
c. An isotonic solution (ie, similar extracellular and intracellular sodium concentrations)
d. A hydrophillic colloid solution (increased extracellular colloids) - ✔✔B. A hypotonic
saline solution (ie, higher extracellular sodium concentration)
✔✔Which of the following statements is CORRECT about primary active transport?
a. This transport mechanisms is restricted to the transport of mRNA into the nucleus
b. Transport requires the hydrolysis of ATP
c. All ions are moving down their concentration gradients
d. All of the above - ✔✔B. Transport requires the hydrolysis of ATP
✔✔Which statement about G proteins is INCORRECT?
a. G proteins are coupled to receptors in the cellular membrane
b. G proteins transmit signals from outside the cell into a chemical message that alters
cellular functions
c. The stimulation of G proteins-coupled receptors can stimulate or inhibit intracellular
signaling pathways
d. G proteins are nuclear receptors that bind with the DNA to activate transcription of
genes - ✔✔D. G proteins are nuclear receptors that bind with the DNA to activate
transcription of genes
✔✔Protein kinase A (PKA) is an enzyme whose activity depends on intracellular levels
of ______________.
a. cyclic AMP (cAMP)
b. cyclic GMP (cGMP)
, c. Insulin
d. Diacylglycerol - ✔✔A. Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
✔✔Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)—a signaling molecule generated by phospholipase C—
increases the release of __________ to regulate intracellular signaling.
a. Calcium
b. Albumin
c. Potassium
d. Dopamine - ✔✔A. Calcium
✔✔In humans, mitosis results in ____________.
a. 4 gametes with unique DNA content compared with the parent cell
b. Two daughter cells each containing 24 chromosomes
c. A repair of any damaged DNA and RNA in the parent cell
d. None of the above - ✔✔D. None of the above
✔✔Which of the following statements correctly describes RNA polymerase?
a. An enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from DNA in the nucleus
b. An enzyme that replicates DNA in the nucleus
c. And enzyme that degrades tRNA in the cytosol
d. An enzyme that stops transcription and activates apoptotic pathways - ✔✔A. An
enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from DNA in the nucleus
✔✔A disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern will ____________.
a. Occur in 75% of offspring when the father is homozygous recessive (aa) and the
mother is homozygous dominant (AA)
b. Only affect males
c. Only affect females
d. None of the above - ✔✔D. None of the above
✔✔Which of the follow statements accurately described repeat expansion diseases?
a. These diseases are not inherited
b. These diseases involve an increased number of a specific series of nucleotides
c. These diseases can only occur in males
d. All of the cytosine nucleotides in the genome have been replaced by guanine - ✔✔B.
The diseases involve an increased number of a specific series of nucleotides
✔✔Which of the following conditions has an autosomal recessive pattern of
inheritance?
a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Huntington's disease
c. Hemophilia B
d. All of the above - ✔✔A. Cystic fibrosis
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔You are administrating a colloid infusion (albumin) to a patient. What direct effect will
your infusion have on the blood plasma?
a. Will increase hydrostatic pressure
b. Will increase plasma oncotic pressure
c. Will increase the blood pH
d. Will decrease plasma oncotic pressure - ✔✔B. Will increase plasma on optic
pressure
✔✔According to Fick's Law of Diffusion, which of the following would INCREASE a
substance's rate of diffusion?
a. Increasing the membrane thickness
b. Increasing the surface area for diffusion
c. Decreasing the concentration gradient of the substance between the two areas
d. All of the above - ✔✔B. Increasing the surface area for diffusion
✔✔Which of the following solutions would cause cells to swell with fluid?
a. A hypertonic saline solution (ie, lower extracellular sodium concentration)
b. A hypotonic saline solution (ie, higher extracellular sodium concentration)
c. An isotonic solution (ie, similar extracellular and intracellular sodium concentrations)
d. A hydrophillic colloid solution (increased extracellular colloids) - ✔✔B. A hypotonic
saline solution (ie, higher extracellular sodium concentration)
✔✔Which of the following statements is CORRECT about primary active transport?
a. This transport mechanisms is restricted to the transport of mRNA into the nucleus
b. Transport requires the hydrolysis of ATP
c. All ions are moving down their concentration gradients
d. All of the above - ✔✔B. Transport requires the hydrolysis of ATP
✔✔Which statement about G proteins is INCORRECT?
a. G proteins are coupled to receptors in the cellular membrane
b. G proteins transmit signals from outside the cell into a chemical message that alters
cellular functions
c. The stimulation of G proteins-coupled receptors can stimulate or inhibit intracellular
signaling pathways
d. G proteins are nuclear receptors that bind with the DNA to activate transcription of
genes - ✔✔D. G proteins are nuclear receptors that bind with the DNA to activate
transcription of genes
✔✔Protein kinase A (PKA) is an enzyme whose activity depends on intracellular levels
of ______________.
a. cyclic AMP (cAMP)
b. cyclic GMP (cGMP)
, c. Insulin
d. Diacylglycerol - ✔✔A. Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
✔✔Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)—a signaling molecule generated by phospholipase C—
increases the release of __________ to regulate intracellular signaling.
a. Calcium
b. Albumin
c. Potassium
d. Dopamine - ✔✔A. Calcium
✔✔In humans, mitosis results in ____________.
a. 4 gametes with unique DNA content compared with the parent cell
b. Two daughter cells each containing 24 chromosomes
c. A repair of any damaged DNA and RNA in the parent cell
d. None of the above - ✔✔D. None of the above
✔✔Which of the following statements correctly describes RNA polymerase?
a. An enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from DNA in the nucleus
b. An enzyme that replicates DNA in the nucleus
c. And enzyme that degrades tRNA in the cytosol
d. An enzyme that stops transcription and activates apoptotic pathways - ✔✔A. An
enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from DNA in the nucleus
✔✔A disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern will ____________.
a. Occur in 75% of offspring when the father is homozygous recessive (aa) and the
mother is homozygous dominant (AA)
b. Only affect males
c. Only affect females
d. None of the above - ✔✔D. None of the above
✔✔Which of the follow statements accurately described repeat expansion diseases?
a. These diseases are not inherited
b. These diseases involve an increased number of a specific series of nucleotides
c. These diseases can only occur in males
d. All of the cytosine nucleotides in the genome have been replaced by guanine - ✔✔B.
The diseases involve an increased number of a specific series of nucleotides
✔✔Which of the following conditions has an autosomal recessive pattern of
inheritance?
a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Huntington's disease
c. Hemophilia B
d. All of the above - ✔✔A. Cystic fibrosis
