WGU D115 Exam Reviewed Questions
and Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED
A+
What are the 3 layers of human defense? What happens during each? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Physical- protect against damage and infection are composed of tightly
associated epithelial cells including those of the skin and of the membranous sheets
lining the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts. Mechanical- "washing"
the surfaces (sloughing off of dead skin, vomiting, urination, coughing). Biochemical
barriers- secrets substances meant to trap of destroy microorganisms. (Mucus, sweat,
saliva, tears, sebaceous glands, and earwax).
What is the second line of defense and the process? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Inflammatory response- rapid and nonspecific, protective response to cellular injury
from any cause. It can occur only in vascularized tissue.
How do acute and chronic inflammation differ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute- Short
duration, 8-10 days from onset to healing. The three systemic changes associated with
the acute inflammatory response are fever, leukocytosis, and plasma protein synthesis.
, Chronic inflammation- can be a continuation of acute inflammation that last 2 weeks or
longer. It can also occur as a distinct process without much preceding acute
inflammation.
What are the phases of wound healing and the process that takes place during each? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Phase 1- Inflammation- includes coagulation and the infiltration
of cells that participate in wound healing, including platelets, neutrophils, and
macrophages. Phase 2- Proliferation and New Tissue Formation (Reconstruction)-
wound begins to heal. This stage begins 3-4 days after injury and continues for as long
as 2 weeks. Phase 3- Remodeling and Maturation- phase for recovering normal tissue
structure that can persist for years
How does the inflammatory response differ in neonates? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Neonates often have transiently depressed inflammatory function, particularly
neutrophil chemotaxis and alternative complement activity.
How and why does aging affect innate immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER-Aging alters
the tissue microenvironment and macrophage function with changes in wound healing
neoangiogenesis and fibrosis.
What is the third line of defense and the process that takes place? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Adaptive immunity (immune response or immunity)- the third line of
defense in the human body. Consists of lymphocytes and serum proteins called
antibodies. - Secondary responder-augments the initial defenses against infection and
provides long term security against re-infection. - B cells- humeral can kill free floating
pathogens - T cells- cell - mediated- can kill pathogens hiding inside cells.
and Answers Latest 2025/2026 GRADED
A+
What are the 3 layers of human defense? What happens during each? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Physical- protect against damage and infection are composed of tightly
associated epithelial cells including those of the skin and of the membranous sheets
lining the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts. Mechanical- "washing"
the surfaces (sloughing off of dead skin, vomiting, urination, coughing). Biochemical
barriers- secrets substances meant to trap of destroy microorganisms. (Mucus, sweat,
saliva, tears, sebaceous glands, and earwax).
What is the second line of defense and the process? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Inflammatory response- rapid and nonspecific, protective response to cellular injury
from any cause. It can occur only in vascularized tissue.
How do acute and chronic inflammation differ? - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute- Short
duration, 8-10 days from onset to healing. The three systemic changes associated with
the acute inflammatory response are fever, leukocytosis, and plasma protein synthesis.
, Chronic inflammation- can be a continuation of acute inflammation that last 2 weeks or
longer. It can also occur as a distinct process without much preceding acute
inflammation.
What are the phases of wound healing and the process that takes place during each? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Phase 1- Inflammation- includes coagulation and the infiltration
of cells that participate in wound healing, including platelets, neutrophils, and
macrophages. Phase 2- Proliferation and New Tissue Formation (Reconstruction)-
wound begins to heal. This stage begins 3-4 days after injury and continues for as long
as 2 weeks. Phase 3- Remodeling and Maturation- phase for recovering normal tissue
structure that can persist for years
How does the inflammatory response differ in neonates? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Neonates often have transiently depressed inflammatory function, particularly
neutrophil chemotaxis and alternative complement activity.
How and why does aging affect innate immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER-Aging alters
the tissue microenvironment and macrophage function with changes in wound healing
neoangiogenesis and fibrosis.
What is the third line of defense and the process that takes place? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Adaptive immunity (immune response or immunity)- the third line of
defense in the human body. Consists of lymphocytes and serum proteins called
antibodies. - Secondary responder-augments the initial defenses against infection and
provides long term security against re-infection. - B cells- humeral can kill free floating
pathogens - T cells- cell - mediated- can kill pathogens hiding inside cells.
