ESL PRAXIS 5362 Test Questions and Answers Fully Solved
Inter-language - Answers Strategy used by second language learner to compensate for lack of
proficiency. the learners' language system is neither that of his mother tongue nor that of the second
language, but contains elements of both. errors need to be seen as evidence of the learner's developing
system.
Overgeneralization - Answers Inter language strategy- attempts to apply a rule across the board w/o
regard for exceptions. Bended vs bent.
Simplification - Answers L2 learner uses resources that require limited vocabulary to aid comprehension
and allows the learner to listen, read, and speak in the L2 at a very elementary language.
Language interference / Negative transfer - Answers When L1 affects L2 in pronunciation, grammar
structures, vocabulary and semantics. Spanish has no /z/ sound so zoo may become sue.
Fossilization - Answers L1 learner reaches a plateau and accepts a less than fluent level which prevents
fluency in L2. interlanguage errors continue to appear in performance regardless of further exposure to
the target language. 'Dat' for 'that' is an example.
Phonemes - Answers speech sounds
Graphemes - Answers written symbols
Top Down Strategy - Answers Approach to process modeling that start with the big picture and drills
down. Deductive reasoning. Emphasis on the global meaning of the test. Title length, typeface, pictures
are studied. Make guesses as to what's going to happen; anticipate contents of text. Ex: guided reading.
Bottom Down Strategy - Answers Inductive reasoning. Readers goes from words and phrases to general
understanding; Less Preferred; May read all texts at the same speed
Cognates - Answers Words that mean the same in two different languages. Words with similar roots in
L1 and L2. Should be pointed out to students (escuela and school).
Direct Method - Answers Berlitz- teacher centered. Does not use L1 mother language. Direct association
of words and phrases with objects and ideas. Grammar rules are not taught. Rules of language are
internalized through the use of language. No translation, realia used, question-answer exercises.
Students listen to dialogue, then answer a series of questions, visual aids & pantomime used.
Whole Language Approach - Answers Develop all 4 language skills through an integated approach. Top
down approach. 4 language skills = listening, speaking, reading, writing.
LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE APPROACH - Answers An approach to literacy based on the assumption that
students' prior experiences need to be used as a bridge to new ideas and concepts vs basal readers.
, examples include having ESLs write a response of what they got for xmas, what happened at the
assembly they just attended, etc.
Pull Out Models - Answers 1. Grammar based ESL
2. Communication based ESL
3. Content Based ESL
occurs when students are pulled out to work with another teacher, para-pro, or other support staff.
TESOL - Answers Teachers of English Speakers of Other Languages
Sheltered Instruction - Answers Integrates content with English Language Instruction. when the
mainstream teacher is teaching but making the content comprehensible through ESL research-based
strategies. This can be done with only ELs or in a combination of ELs and grade-level peers.
S.D.A.I.E. - Answers Sheltered instruction specially designed in English
Castaneda v. Pickard - Answers A major outcome of this case is a three-pronged test to determine
whether schools are taking "appropriate action" to address the needs of ELLs as required by the EEOA.
ESL programs must be (1) based on a sound educational theory, (2) implemented effectively with
sufficient resources and personnel, and (3) evaluated to determine whether they are effective in helping
students overcome language barriers
Push In Model - Answers ESL teacher goes in to class to assist- co teach. is when staff go into the
classroom and work with the classroom teacher.
Diphthongs - Answers combination of 2 phonemes that glide together.
2 vowels start out with one sound and glides into the second vowel sound as 'oi' in "boil"
Subtractive Bilingulism - Answers Happens when second language is acquired at the expense of the
aptitudes already acquired in the first language - or when the native/first language is not supported
while or after second language is learned.
Total Physical Response - Answers makes the greatest use of active participation, including gestures and
body movement. (TPR). a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action
Pragmatics - Answers The study of how context impacts the interpretation of language. Describes the
hidden rules of communication shared by native speakers of the language and involve three major
communication skills: (1) using language (2) changing language (3) following rules
Language Experience Approach - Answers uses students' spoken language to develop materials for
reading and writing instruction.
Inter-language - Answers Strategy used by second language learner to compensate for lack of
proficiency. the learners' language system is neither that of his mother tongue nor that of the second
language, but contains elements of both. errors need to be seen as evidence of the learner's developing
system.
Overgeneralization - Answers Inter language strategy- attempts to apply a rule across the board w/o
regard for exceptions. Bended vs bent.
Simplification - Answers L2 learner uses resources that require limited vocabulary to aid comprehension
and allows the learner to listen, read, and speak in the L2 at a very elementary language.
Language interference / Negative transfer - Answers When L1 affects L2 in pronunciation, grammar
structures, vocabulary and semantics. Spanish has no /z/ sound so zoo may become sue.
Fossilization - Answers L1 learner reaches a plateau and accepts a less than fluent level which prevents
fluency in L2. interlanguage errors continue to appear in performance regardless of further exposure to
the target language. 'Dat' for 'that' is an example.
Phonemes - Answers speech sounds
Graphemes - Answers written symbols
Top Down Strategy - Answers Approach to process modeling that start with the big picture and drills
down. Deductive reasoning. Emphasis on the global meaning of the test. Title length, typeface, pictures
are studied. Make guesses as to what's going to happen; anticipate contents of text. Ex: guided reading.
Bottom Down Strategy - Answers Inductive reasoning. Readers goes from words and phrases to general
understanding; Less Preferred; May read all texts at the same speed
Cognates - Answers Words that mean the same in two different languages. Words with similar roots in
L1 and L2. Should be pointed out to students (escuela and school).
Direct Method - Answers Berlitz- teacher centered. Does not use L1 mother language. Direct association
of words and phrases with objects and ideas. Grammar rules are not taught. Rules of language are
internalized through the use of language. No translation, realia used, question-answer exercises.
Students listen to dialogue, then answer a series of questions, visual aids & pantomime used.
Whole Language Approach - Answers Develop all 4 language skills through an integated approach. Top
down approach. 4 language skills = listening, speaking, reading, writing.
LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE APPROACH - Answers An approach to literacy based on the assumption that
students' prior experiences need to be used as a bridge to new ideas and concepts vs basal readers.
, examples include having ESLs write a response of what they got for xmas, what happened at the
assembly they just attended, etc.
Pull Out Models - Answers 1. Grammar based ESL
2. Communication based ESL
3. Content Based ESL
occurs when students are pulled out to work with another teacher, para-pro, or other support staff.
TESOL - Answers Teachers of English Speakers of Other Languages
Sheltered Instruction - Answers Integrates content with English Language Instruction. when the
mainstream teacher is teaching but making the content comprehensible through ESL research-based
strategies. This can be done with only ELs or in a combination of ELs and grade-level peers.
S.D.A.I.E. - Answers Sheltered instruction specially designed in English
Castaneda v. Pickard - Answers A major outcome of this case is a three-pronged test to determine
whether schools are taking "appropriate action" to address the needs of ELLs as required by the EEOA.
ESL programs must be (1) based on a sound educational theory, (2) implemented effectively with
sufficient resources and personnel, and (3) evaluated to determine whether they are effective in helping
students overcome language barriers
Push In Model - Answers ESL teacher goes in to class to assist- co teach. is when staff go into the
classroom and work with the classroom teacher.
Diphthongs - Answers combination of 2 phonemes that glide together.
2 vowels start out with one sound and glides into the second vowel sound as 'oi' in "boil"
Subtractive Bilingulism - Answers Happens when second language is acquired at the expense of the
aptitudes already acquired in the first language - or when the native/first language is not supported
while or after second language is learned.
Total Physical Response - Answers makes the greatest use of active participation, including gestures and
body movement. (TPR). a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action
Pragmatics - Answers The study of how context impacts the interpretation of language. Describes the
hidden rules of communication shared by native speakers of the language and involve three major
communication skills: (1) using language (2) changing language (3) following rules
Language Experience Approach - Answers uses students' spoken language to develop materials for
reading and writing instruction.
