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Psych 223 Drugs and Behavior Exam 1 (Emory)
|Latest 2025 Update with complete solution.
A __ is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken
into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically -
(answers)drug
These affect the central nervous system and alter a person's mood, thinking and
behavior. - (answers)Psychoactive drugs
Describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug (usually too complex and
cumbersome for general use) - (answers)Chemical name
The process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated
by the body - (answers)Pharmacokinetics
The interactions of a drug and the receptors responsible for its action in the body
- (answers)Pharmacodynamics
These types of absorption are slower - (answers)Orally, mucus membrane,
through skin, rectally
These types of absorption are faster - (answers)Parenterally, inhaled
The fastest absorption is - (answers)directly into the brain
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The faster the absorption, the quicker the onset, the higher the __, but the
shorter the __ - (answers)addictiveness, duration
Ionized (have electrical charge). Crosses through pores in capillaries, but not cell
membranes - (answers)Water-soluble
Non-ionized (no electrical charge). Crosses pores, cell membranes, blood-brain-
barrier - (answers)Lipid(fat)-soluble
The fraction of an administered dose of drug that reaches the bloodstream -
(answers)Bioavailability
Physical properties of the drug (hydrophobicity, pKa, solubility) -- -match the
tissue. The drug formulation (immediate release, delayed release, etc.) --- drug
coating. If the drug is administered in a fed or fasted state --- "medication with
food"?. Gastric emptying rate ---- liquids are emptied at a constant rate; meat
slows function. Circadian differences -- resting increases bodily functions --- Get
sleep, but after class! Interactions with other drugs ---- Drugs can
inhibit/complement each other's effects. Age ---- the older you are the less
efficiently things work. Diet ---- Cool research linking gut microbes and alcohol.
Gender ---- women achieve higher BAC with less alcohol (due to diff. in water
content). Disease state ---- Mood disorders can trigger drug use... Drug use can
influence mood - (answers)What determines bioavailability
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Enzymes(cytochrome P-450) transform drugs into more water-soluble
metabolites. Repeated drug exposure increases efficiency, leading to tolerance -
(answers)Liver
Traps water-soluble (ionized) compounds for elimination via urine (primarily),
feces, air, sweat - (answers)Kidneys
Time it takes for plasma concentration of a drug to drop to 50% of initial level. -
(answers)Plasma half-life
Time it takes to eliminate half of the body content of a drug. - (answers)Whole
body half-life
Age, renal excretion, liver metabolism, and protein binding - (answers)Factors
affecting half-life
A constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time. When drug
concentration is high, rate of disappearance is high - (answers)First order kinetics
Rate of elimination is constant. Rate of elimination is independent of drug
concentration. Constant amount eliminated per unit of time (Alcohol) -
(answers)Zero order kinetics
Depicts the relation between drug dose and magnitude of drug effect. Drugs can
have more than one effect. - (answers)Dose-response curve
Psych 223 Drugs and Behavior Exam 1 (Emory)
|Latest 2025 Update with complete solution.
A __ is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken
into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically -
(answers)drug
These affect the central nervous system and alter a person's mood, thinking and
behavior. - (answers)Psychoactive drugs
Describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug (usually too complex and
cumbersome for general use) - (answers)Chemical name
The process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated
by the body - (answers)Pharmacokinetics
The interactions of a drug and the receptors responsible for its action in the body
- (answers)Pharmacodynamics
These types of absorption are slower - (answers)Orally, mucus membrane,
through skin, rectally
These types of absorption are faster - (answers)Parenterally, inhaled
The fastest absorption is - (answers)directly into the brain
,2|Page
The faster the absorption, the quicker the onset, the higher the __, but the
shorter the __ - (answers)addictiveness, duration
Ionized (have electrical charge). Crosses through pores in capillaries, but not cell
membranes - (answers)Water-soluble
Non-ionized (no electrical charge). Crosses pores, cell membranes, blood-brain-
barrier - (answers)Lipid(fat)-soluble
The fraction of an administered dose of drug that reaches the bloodstream -
(answers)Bioavailability
Physical properties of the drug (hydrophobicity, pKa, solubility) -- -match the
tissue. The drug formulation (immediate release, delayed release, etc.) --- drug
coating. If the drug is administered in a fed or fasted state --- "medication with
food"?. Gastric emptying rate ---- liquids are emptied at a constant rate; meat
slows function. Circadian differences -- resting increases bodily functions --- Get
sleep, but after class! Interactions with other drugs ---- Drugs can
inhibit/complement each other's effects. Age ---- the older you are the less
efficiently things work. Diet ---- Cool research linking gut microbes and alcohol.
Gender ---- women achieve higher BAC with less alcohol (due to diff. in water
content). Disease state ---- Mood disorders can trigger drug use... Drug use can
influence mood - (answers)What determines bioavailability
, 3|Page
Enzymes(cytochrome P-450) transform drugs into more water-soluble
metabolites. Repeated drug exposure increases efficiency, leading to tolerance -
(answers)Liver
Traps water-soluble (ionized) compounds for elimination via urine (primarily),
feces, air, sweat - (answers)Kidneys
Time it takes for plasma concentration of a drug to drop to 50% of initial level. -
(answers)Plasma half-life
Time it takes to eliminate half of the body content of a drug. - (answers)Whole
body half-life
Age, renal excretion, liver metabolism, and protein binding - (answers)Factors
affecting half-life
A constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time. When drug
concentration is high, rate of disappearance is high - (answers)First order kinetics
Rate of elimination is constant. Rate of elimination is independent of drug
concentration. Constant amount eliminated per unit of time (Alcohol) -
(answers)Zero order kinetics
Depicts the relation between drug dose and magnitude of drug effect. Drugs can
have more than one effect. - (answers)Dose-response curve
