TEST BANK
PSYCHOLOGY THIRTEENTH EDITION
David G. Myers & C. Nathan DeWall
,Chapter 1: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science
Myers: Psychology 13th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
If results are statistically significant but have a small effect size, the results may
lack practical significance.
lack a cause-effect relationship.
represent a negative relationship.
represent a neutral relationship.
In one study, introductory psychology students were fitted with electronically activated recorders so that
researchers could sample their daily activities. The researchers were employing a scientific method known as
naturalistic observation.
the double-blind procedure.
experimentation.
the case study.
Studies conducted in the late 1990s in which the researcher concluded that children who were administered
the MMR vaccination developed autism were
withheld from the public intentionally.
accurate.
never published by academic journals.
discovered to be fraudulent.
Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cookies: $2, $9,
$8, $10, $4, $9, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings
the median is greater than the mean and greater than the mode.
the median is less than the mean and less than the mode.
the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode.
the median is less than the mean and greater than the mode.
Professor Valetta believes that identical twins have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share
common genes. His idea is best described as a(n)
theory.
replication.
naturalistic observation.
operational definition.
The idea that "people's emotions and personal beliefs often override their acceptance of objective facts" is
expressed in the dictionary definition of
false news.
, post-truth.
powerful examples.
repetition.
Professor Terrance has conducted a study that examined the relationship between level of physical
activityand academic performance among children. He is most likely to use to determine if a relationship
exists.
meta-analysis
preregistration
a correlation coefficient
experimental research
The tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of
common sense.
operational definitions.
informed consent.
the double-blind procedure.
Dr. Carlson wants to conduct a research study that will examine the sexual behaviors of college students.
Before she can begin data collection she must submit her research proposal to
her institution's review board.
the APA.
the BPS.
her department chair for review.
Approximately what percentage of the cases represented by the normal curve fall between 3 and +3
standard deviations from the mean?
34
68
95
100
Unconscious gut feelings, or , provide(s) a sharp contrast to explicit, conscious reasoning.
theory
chance-based explanation
common sense
naturalistic observation
The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable
assumptions.
correlations.
predictions.
variables.
Several weeks after a political election, voters often exaggerate their ability to have predicted the election
outcome. This best illustrates
, the placebo effect.
random assignment.
wording effects.
hindsight bias.
Repeating the essence of a previous research study to verify whether its findings extend to a new group of
research participants and to different circumstances is called
replication.
random sampling.
naturalistic observation.
the double-blind procedure.
What was the Oxford English Dictionary's word of the year in 2017?
false news
preregistration
post-truth
repetition
Neither the researchers nor the participants in a study of a weight-loss pill know which participants have
actually received a drug designed to help weight loss and which have received a placebo. This investigation
involves the use of
naturalistic observation.
random sampling.
the double-blind procedure.
replication.
Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and physical appearance would enable you to most
accurately predict physical appearance from knowledge of level of self-esteem?
a. +.60
b. +.01
c. –.10
d. –.06
When we ask, for example, how closely related are the intelligence scores of fraternal twins, we are asking
how strongly two are related.
experimental groups
control groups
variables
scatterplots
When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to
mentally transform the data into a normal curve.
identify the value of the standard deviation.
note the range and size of the scale values.
, identify the correct measure of central tendency.
Professor Martinez believes that because attractive people are more sensitive, more successful, and more
socially skilled, handsome men will be more successful in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding
employment success is an example of
informed consent.
the placebo effect.
a hypothesis.
a confounding variable.
Dr. McClusky conducted a study in which he compared academic achievement among middle school students
who either played video games at least one hour each day or did not play video games for at least one hour
each day. The average scores used for academic achievement were reliable for both groups and the difference
between the two groups was relatively large. This means that the results he found can be considered
reliable.
valid.
statistically significant.
correlated.
Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "affirmative action" than "preferential treatment."
These survey results best illustrate the importance of
random sampling.
wording effects.
the placebo effect.
naturalistic observation.
Statisticians Persi Diaconis and Frederick Mosteller commented, "But with a large enough sample, any
outrageous thing is likely to happen." What were they referring to?
hindsight bias
overconfidence
scientific inquiry
perceiving patterns in random events
Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether
they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking
a representative sample.
informed consent.
an operational definition.
a placebo effect.
In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the
variable.
dependent
independent
control
experimental
,When people generalize from a few vivid but unrepresentative cases, they are falling prey to
operational definitions.
hypothesizing.
hindsight bias.
sampling bias.
What do the parallel research findings of "Eighty percent of prisoners in the United States were spanked as
children" and "Seventy-five percent of college students in the United States were spanked as children"
demonstrate?
The survey method leads to causal results.
Correlation does not prove causation.
Experimental designs cannot be replicated.
These statements do not demonstrate any problem.
Jenn earned a 72 on her first psychology exam, a 70 on the second exam, and a 71 on the third exam. What can
be said about her exam scores?
They are a reliable representation of her performance in the class.
She needs to take more exams in order to determine a reliable representation of her class
performance.
They do not represent her class performance.
They demonstrate differences in variability and reliability.
The mean of a distribution of scores is the
most frequently occurring score.
arithmetic average of all the scores.
least frequently occurring score.
score exceeded by 50 percent of all the scores.
When investigators gather data and then seek to identify patterns in the data that can be used to guide
theories in the field, they are engaging in research.
exploratory
confirmatory
correlational
replication
Which measure of variation is affected most by a few extreme scores?
standard deviation
mean
median
range
Correlational research is most useful for purposes of
explanation.
prediction.
control.
, replication.
samples fare fbetter fthan samples.
Significant; fvariable
Representative; funrepresentative
Variable; frepresentative
Significant; funrepresentative
Gamblers foften fthrow fdice fgently ffor flow fnumbers fand fhard ffor fhigh fnumbers. fThis fmost fdirectly fillustrates
an fillusion fof fcontrol.
a fscatterplot.
random fassignment.
regression ftoward fthe fmean.
If fpsychologists fdiscovered fthat folder fparents fhave fsmarter fchildren fthan fyounger fparents, fthis
fwould fdemonstrate fthat
intelligence fis finherited.
older fparents fprovide ftheir fchildren fwith fgreater feducational fopportunities fthan fdo fyounger fparents.
the fage fof fparents fand fchildren fis fpositively fcorrelated.
all fof fthese fstatements fare fcorrect.
Who fis(are) fmost flikely fto fhold fbiased fviews?
Samantha, fwho fis fa fRepublican
James, fwho fis fa fDemocrat
Steven, fwho fis fnot faffiliated fwith fany fmajor fpolitical fparty
Both fStephanie, fwho fis fa fRepublican, fand fDerek, fwho fis fa fDemocrat
The fethics fcodes fof fthe fAPA fand fBritain's fBPS furge fresearchers fto
avoid fthe fuse fof fmonetary fincentives fin frecruiting fpeople fto fparticipate fin fresearch.
forewarn fpotential fresearch fparticipants fof fthe fexact fhypotheses fthat fthe fresearch fwill ftest.
avoid fthe fmanipulation fof findependent fvariables fin fresearch finvolving fhuman fparticipants.
explain fthe fresearch fto fthe fparticipants fafter fthe fstudy fhas fbeen fcompleted.
Approximately fwhat fpercentage fof fthe fcases frepresented fby fthe fnormal fcurve ffall fbetween f–1
fand f+1 fstandard fdeviations f from fthe f mean?
16
34
68
95
One fresearch fteam fstudied fthe fups fand fdowns fof fhuman fmoods fby fcounting fpositive fand fnegative
fwords fin f504 f million fTwitter fmessages f from f84 fcountries. fThe fresearchers' f method fbest f illustrates fthe
fuse fof
experimentation.
naturalistic fobservation.
case fstudies.
PSYCHOLOGY THIRTEENTH EDITION
David G. Myers & C. Nathan DeWall
,Chapter 1: Thinking Critically with Psychological Science
Myers: Psychology 13th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
If results are statistically significant but have a small effect size, the results may
lack practical significance.
lack a cause-effect relationship.
represent a negative relationship.
represent a neutral relationship.
In one study, introductory psychology students were fitted with electronically activated recorders so that
researchers could sample their daily activities. The researchers were employing a scientific method known as
naturalistic observation.
the double-blind procedure.
experimentation.
the case study.
Studies conducted in the late 1990s in which the researcher concluded that children who were administered
the MMR vaccination developed autism were
withheld from the public intentionally.
accurate.
never published by academic journals.
discovered to be fraudulent.
Seven members of a boys' club reported the following individual earnings from their sale of cookies: $2, $9,
$8, $10, $4, $9, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings
the median is greater than the mean and greater than the mode.
the median is less than the mean and less than the mode.
the median is greater than the mean and less than the mode.
the median is less than the mean and greater than the mode.
Professor Valetta believes that identical twins have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share
common genes. His idea is best described as a(n)
theory.
replication.
naturalistic observation.
operational definition.
The idea that "people's emotions and personal beliefs often override their acceptance of objective facts" is
expressed in the dictionary definition of
false news.
, post-truth.
powerful examples.
repetition.
Professor Terrance has conducted a study that examined the relationship between level of physical
activityand academic performance among children. He is most likely to use to determine if a relationship
exists.
meta-analysis
preregistration
a correlation coefficient
experimental research
The tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of
common sense.
operational definitions.
informed consent.
the double-blind procedure.
Dr. Carlson wants to conduct a research study that will examine the sexual behaviors of college students.
Before she can begin data collection she must submit her research proposal to
her institution's review board.
the APA.
the BPS.
her department chair for review.
Approximately what percentage of the cases represented by the normal curve fall between 3 and +3
standard deviations from the mean?
34
68
95
100
Unconscious gut feelings, or , provide(s) a sharp contrast to explicit, conscious reasoning.
theory
chance-based explanation
common sense
naturalistic observation
The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable
assumptions.
correlations.
predictions.
variables.
Several weeks after a political election, voters often exaggerate their ability to have predicted the election
outcome. This best illustrates
, the placebo effect.
random assignment.
wording effects.
hindsight bias.
Repeating the essence of a previous research study to verify whether its findings extend to a new group of
research participants and to different circumstances is called
replication.
random sampling.
naturalistic observation.
the double-blind procedure.
What was the Oxford English Dictionary's word of the year in 2017?
false news
preregistration
post-truth
repetition
Neither the researchers nor the participants in a study of a weight-loss pill know which participants have
actually received a drug designed to help weight loss and which have received a placebo. This investigation
involves the use of
naturalistic observation.
random sampling.
the double-blind procedure.
replication.
Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and physical appearance would enable you to most
accurately predict physical appearance from knowledge of level of self-esteem?
a. +.60
b. +.01
c. –.10
d. –.06
When we ask, for example, how closely related are the intelligence scores of fraternal twins, we are asking
how strongly two are related.
experimental groups
control groups
variables
scatterplots
When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to
mentally transform the data into a normal curve.
identify the value of the standard deviation.
note the range and size of the scale values.
, identify the correct measure of central tendency.
Professor Martinez believes that because attractive people are more sensitive, more successful, and more
socially skilled, handsome men will be more successful in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding
employment success is an example of
informed consent.
the placebo effect.
a hypothesis.
a confounding variable.
Dr. McClusky conducted a study in which he compared academic achievement among middle school students
who either played video games at least one hour each day or did not play video games for at least one hour
each day. The average scores used for academic achievement were reliable for both groups and the difference
between the two groups was relatively large. This means that the results he found can be considered
reliable.
valid.
statistically significant.
correlated.
Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "affirmative action" than "preferential treatment."
These survey results best illustrate the importance of
random sampling.
wording effects.
the placebo effect.
naturalistic observation.
Statisticians Persi Diaconis and Frederick Mosteller commented, "But with a large enough sample, any
outrageous thing is likely to happen." What were they referring to?
hindsight bias
overconfidence
scientific inquiry
perceiving patterns in random events
Potential research participants are told enough about an upcoming study to enable them to choose whether
they wish to participate. This illustrates the practice of seeking
a representative sample.
informed consent.
an operational definition.
a placebo effect.
In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the
variable.
dependent
independent
control
experimental
,When people generalize from a few vivid but unrepresentative cases, they are falling prey to
operational definitions.
hypothesizing.
hindsight bias.
sampling bias.
What do the parallel research findings of "Eighty percent of prisoners in the United States were spanked as
children" and "Seventy-five percent of college students in the United States were spanked as children"
demonstrate?
The survey method leads to causal results.
Correlation does not prove causation.
Experimental designs cannot be replicated.
These statements do not demonstrate any problem.
Jenn earned a 72 on her first psychology exam, a 70 on the second exam, and a 71 on the third exam. What can
be said about her exam scores?
They are a reliable representation of her performance in the class.
She needs to take more exams in order to determine a reliable representation of her class
performance.
They do not represent her class performance.
They demonstrate differences in variability and reliability.
The mean of a distribution of scores is the
most frequently occurring score.
arithmetic average of all the scores.
least frequently occurring score.
score exceeded by 50 percent of all the scores.
When investigators gather data and then seek to identify patterns in the data that can be used to guide
theories in the field, they are engaging in research.
exploratory
confirmatory
correlational
replication
Which measure of variation is affected most by a few extreme scores?
standard deviation
mean
median
range
Correlational research is most useful for purposes of
explanation.
prediction.
control.
, replication.
samples fare fbetter fthan samples.
Significant; fvariable
Representative; funrepresentative
Variable; frepresentative
Significant; funrepresentative
Gamblers foften fthrow fdice fgently ffor flow fnumbers fand fhard ffor fhigh fnumbers. fThis fmost fdirectly fillustrates
an fillusion fof fcontrol.
a fscatterplot.
random fassignment.
regression ftoward fthe fmean.
If fpsychologists fdiscovered fthat folder fparents fhave fsmarter fchildren fthan fyounger fparents, fthis
fwould fdemonstrate fthat
intelligence fis finherited.
older fparents fprovide ftheir fchildren fwith fgreater feducational fopportunities fthan fdo fyounger fparents.
the fage fof fparents fand fchildren fis fpositively fcorrelated.
all fof fthese fstatements fare fcorrect.
Who fis(are) fmost flikely fto fhold fbiased fviews?
Samantha, fwho fis fa fRepublican
James, fwho fis fa fDemocrat
Steven, fwho fis fnot faffiliated fwith fany fmajor fpolitical fparty
Both fStephanie, fwho fis fa fRepublican, fand fDerek, fwho fis fa fDemocrat
The fethics fcodes fof fthe fAPA fand fBritain's fBPS furge fresearchers fto
avoid fthe fuse fof fmonetary fincentives fin frecruiting fpeople fto fparticipate fin fresearch.
forewarn fpotential fresearch fparticipants fof fthe fexact fhypotheses fthat fthe fresearch fwill ftest.
avoid fthe fmanipulation fof findependent fvariables fin fresearch finvolving fhuman fparticipants.
explain fthe fresearch fto fthe fparticipants fafter fthe fstudy fhas fbeen fcompleted.
Approximately fwhat fpercentage fof fthe fcases frepresented fby fthe fnormal fcurve ffall fbetween f–1
fand f+1 fstandard fdeviations f from fthe f mean?
16
34
68
95
One fresearch fteam fstudied fthe fups fand fdowns fof fhuman fmoods fby fcounting fpositive fand fnegative
fwords fin f504 f million fTwitter fmessages f from f84 fcountries. fThe fresearchers' f method fbest f illustrates fthe
fuse fof
experimentation.
naturalistic fobservation.
case fstudies.
