Chapter 1
Risk factors
● A thorough and systematic health history can elicit information about risk factors that exist for each woman
● Risk factors include—
o Social, cultural and genetic factors
o Substance use and abuse
o Nutrition problems and eating disorders
o Lack of exercise
o Stress, Depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions
o Sleep disorders
o Environmental and workplace hazards
o Risky sexual practices; Risk for certain medical and gynecologic conditions
o Female genital mutilation
● To assess a mother’s risk of having a low-birth-weight (LBW) infant, the most important factor for the
nurse to consider is:
a.African-American race.
b.cigarette smoking.
c.poor nutritional status.
d.limited maternal education.
● When providing care for a pregnant woman, the nurse should be aware that one of the most frequently
reported maternal medical risk factors is:
a. Diabetes mellitus.
b. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP).
c. Chronic hypertension.
d. Anemia.
Negligence
● If the standard of care was not met and harm resulted from it, negligence occurred
● A 38-year-old Hispanic woman delivered a 9-pound, 6-ounce girl vaginally after being in labor for
43 hours. The baby died 3 days later from sepsis. On what grounds would the woman potentially
have a legitimate legal case for negligence?
a. She is Hispanic.
b. She delivered a girl.
c. The standards of care were not met.
d. She refused fetal monitoring.
1
, ○ Rationale: not meeting the standards of care is a legitimate factor for a case of
negligence.
Alternative therapies
● acupuncture
● macrobiotics
● massage therapy
● Biofeedback
● medication
● yoga
● chelation therapy
○ infusing IV substances to remove calcium and heavy metals from hardened arteries
● Alternative and complementary therapies:
a. Replace conventional Western modalities of treatment.
b. Are used by only a small number of American adults.
c. Recognize the value of clients' input into their health care.
d. Focus primarily on the disease an individual is experiencing.
Rationale: Many popular alternative healing modalities offer human-centered care based on philosophies
that recognize the value of the patient's input and honor the individuals beliefs, values, and desires. Alternative and
complementary therapies are part of an integrative approach to health care. An increasing number of American
adults are seeking alternative and complementary health care options. Alternative healing modalities offer an holistic
approach to health, focusing on the whole person, not just the disease.
maternity nursing care
● Maternity nursing care that is based on knowledge gained through research and clinical trials is:
a. Derived from the Nursing Intervention Classification.
b. Known as evidence-based practice.
c. At odds with the Cochrane School of traditional nursing.
d. An outgrowth of telemedicine.
Chapter 2
Genogram
2
, ● family tree format that depicts relationships of family members over at least 3 generations
● provides valuable info about a family
● A pictorial tool that can assist the nurse in assessing aspects of family life related to health care is the:
a. Genogram.
b. Family values construct
c. Life cycle model
d. Human development wheel.
Family system/types
● Nuclear family—traditional American family (husband, wife and children)
● Extended family—other relatives; provides social, emotional and financial support to one another
○ Important to note that people of many cultures want to include their family in making important
decisions even if not physically close
● Multigenerational families—3 or more generations of relatives; can create stress for some as children
must care for their parents as well as their children
● No-biologic-parent families—children live independently in foster or kinship care such as living with a
grandparent
● Married-blended families—formed as a result of divorce and remarriage, consists of unrelated family
members (ex: step-parent) who join to create a new household
● Cohabiting-parent families—those where children live with 2 unmarried biological parents or 2 adoptive
parents
● Single-parent families—an unmarried biological or adoptive parent who may or may not be living with
other adults
○ This type of family tends to be vulnerable economically and socially, creating an unstable and
deprived environment for the growth of children
Culture
Culture is influenced by:
● Religion
● Environment
● Historic events
● Cultural knowledge
● Beliefs and values
● Passed from one generation to next
● Influences health behaviors
Culture is not static!
Cultural factors related to family health
● Culture is influenced by religion, environment, and historic events and plays a strong role in the
individual’s and group’s behaviors and patterns
● Cultural knowledge includes beliefs and values about each facet of life and passed along generations
● Subculture—a group existing within a larger cultural system that retains its own characteristics
● Acculturation—changes that occur within one group or among several groups when people from different
cultures come into contact with one another
○ People may retain some of their own culture while adopting some practices of the dominant
society
3
Risk factors
● A thorough and systematic health history can elicit information about risk factors that exist for each woman
● Risk factors include—
o Social, cultural and genetic factors
o Substance use and abuse
o Nutrition problems and eating disorders
o Lack of exercise
o Stress, Depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions
o Sleep disorders
o Environmental and workplace hazards
o Risky sexual practices; Risk for certain medical and gynecologic conditions
o Female genital mutilation
● To assess a mother’s risk of having a low-birth-weight (LBW) infant, the most important factor for the
nurse to consider is:
a.African-American race.
b.cigarette smoking.
c.poor nutritional status.
d.limited maternal education.
● When providing care for a pregnant woman, the nurse should be aware that one of the most frequently
reported maternal medical risk factors is:
a. Diabetes mellitus.
b. Mitral valve prolapse (MVP).
c. Chronic hypertension.
d. Anemia.
Negligence
● If the standard of care was not met and harm resulted from it, negligence occurred
● A 38-year-old Hispanic woman delivered a 9-pound, 6-ounce girl vaginally after being in labor for
43 hours. The baby died 3 days later from sepsis. On what grounds would the woman potentially
have a legitimate legal case for negligence?
a. She is Hispanic.
b. She delivered a girl.
c. The standards of care were not met.
d. She refused fetal monitoring.
1
, ○ Rationale: not meeting the standards of care is a legitimate factor for a case of
negligence.
Alternative therapies
● acupuncture
● macrobiotics
● massage therapy
● Biofeedback
● medication
● yoga
● chelation therapy
○ infusing IV substances to remove calcium and heavy metals from hardened arteries
● Alternative and complementary therapies:
a. Replace conventional Western modalities of treatment.
b. Are used by only a small number of American adults.
c. Recognize the value of clients' input into their health care.
d. Focus primarily on the disease an individual is experiencing.
Rationale: Many popular alternative healing modalities offer human-centered care based on philosophies
that recognize the value of the patient's input and honor the individuals beliefs, values, and desires. Alternative and
complementary therapies are part of an integrative approach to health care. An increasing number of American
adults are seeking alternative and complementary health care options. Alternative healing modalities offer an holistic
approach to health, focusing on the whole person, not just the disease.
maternity nursing care
● Maternity nursing care that is based on knowledge gained through research and clinical trials is:
a. Derived from the Nursing Intervention Classification.
b. Known as evidence-based practice.
c. At odds with the Cochrane School of traditional nursing.
d. An outgrowth of telemedicine.
Chapter 2
Genogram
2
, ● family tree format that depicts relationships of family members over at least 3 generations
● provides valuable info about a family
● A pictorial tool that can assist the nurse in assessing aspects of family life related to health care is the:
a. Genogram.
b. Family values construct
c. Life cycle model
d. Human development wheel.
Family system/types
● Nuclear family—traditional American family (husband, wife and children)
● Extended family—other relatives; provides social, emotional and financial support to one another
○ Important to note that people of many cultures want to include their family in making important
decisions even if not physically close
● Multigenerational families—3 or more generations of relatives; can create stress for some as children
must care for their parents as well as their children
● No-biologic-parent families—children live independently in foster or kinship care such as living with a
grandparent
● Married-blended families—formed as a result of divorce and remarriage, consists of unrelated family
members (ex: step-parent) who join to create a new household
● Cohabiting-parent families—those where children live with 2 unmarried biological parents or 2 adoptive
parents
● Single-parent families—an unmarried biological or adoptive parent who may or may not be living with
other adults
○ This type of family tends to be vulnerable economically and socially, creating an unstable and
deprived environment for the growth of children
Culture
Culture is influenced by:
● Religion
● Environment
● Historic events
● Cultural knowledge
● Beliefs and values
● Passed from one generation to next
● Influences health behaviors
Culture is not static!
Cultural factors related to family health
● Culture is influenced by religion, environment, and historic events and plays a strong role in the
individual’s and group’s behaviors and patterns
● Cultural knowledge includes beliefs and values about each facet of life and passed along generations
● Subculture—a group existing within a larger cultural system that retains its own characteristics
● Acculturation—changes that occur within one group or among several groups when people from different
cultures come into contact with one another
○ People may retain some of their own culture while adopting some practices of the dominant
society
3
