Orthopedic Nursing Exam with Accurate
Solutions
5 Steps in Bone Healing - ANS-1. Hematoma
2. Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
3. Bony Callus Formation
4. Remodeling
Hematoma - ANS--inflammatory process
-cell migration to area
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation - ANS--starts within 48 hours
-granulation replaces hematoma
-osteoblasts build a web of collagen fibers (3 weeks)
Bony Callus Formation - ANS--starts in 3-4 weeks
-new bone
-osteoclasts invade: reabsorbs excess callus as it is replaced by mature bone
Remodeling - ANS--2-4 months
-plates/bars are laid down
-repaired along lines of stress
Factors in Bone Healing - ANS-- calcium
- vitamin D
- Alkaline Phosphate
- Decreased circulation
- No osteoporosis
- no infection
Diagnostic Radiology - ANS-- Xray
- MRI
- Bone Scan
- Myelogram
Myelogram - ANS-- check for allergies (Shell fish)
- dye used
CSF - ANS-- clear
- appears on a dressing as a green halo
, Dislocation - ANS-- loss of articulation of the bone ends in the joint caps
Subluxation - ANS-- partial dislocation where bone ends still partially touch
Nursing Care - Joint Trauma - ANS-- Risk for Injury
- Acute Pain
- Impaired Physical Mobility
Ice / Heat - ANS-- 20 minutes on, 20 minutes off
Bursitis - ANS-- inflammation of bursa
Epicondylitis - ANS-- Tennis Elbow
- inflammation of tendon at point of origin to bone
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - ANS-- compression of median nerve and inflammation of the
lining of the synovial sheath
- less room compresses nerves and causes pain
Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ANS-- Conservative
- Surgery
Conservative Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ANS-- immobilize and rest
- ice for 20-48 hours and then heat
- medicate ( NSAIDS/Corticosteroids)
Surgical Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ANS-- bursitis & epicondylitis : remove
calcified deposits
- Carpal Tunnel : resect carpal ligament to enlarge tunnel (make opening bigger)
Fracture - ANS-- a break in the continuity of the bone
symptoms - pain, deformity, edema, crepitus
Complete vs. Incomplete Fractures - ANS-total segment transaction vs partial
With vs Without Displacement Fracture - ANS-unstable vs stable
-same position or shifted
Simple vs Compound Fracture - ANS-closed vs open
Fracture Impact - ANS-- muscles
- blood vessels
- nerves
- tendons
- results : soft tissue damage, blood loss, edema
Solutions
5 Steps in Bone Healing - ANS-1. Hematoma
2. Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
3. Bony Callus Formation
4. Remodeling
Hematoma - ANS--inflammatory process
-cell migration to area
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation - ANS--starts within 48 hours
-granulation replaces hematoma
-osteoblasts build a web of collagen fibers (3 weeks)
Bony Callus Formation - ANS--starts in 3-4 weeks
-new bone
-osteoclasts invade: reabsorbs excess callus as it is replaced by mature bone
Remodeling - ANS--2-4 months
-plates/bars are laid down
-repaired along lines of stress
Factors in Bone Healing - ANS-- calcium
- vitamin D
- Alkaline Phosphate
- Decreased circulation
- No osteoporosis
- no infection
Diagnostic Radiology - ANS-- Xray
- MRI
- Bone Scan
- Myelogram
Myelogram - ANS-- check for allergies (Shell fish)
- dye used
CSF - ANS-- clear
- appears on a dressing as a green halo
, Dislocation - ANS-- loss of articulation of the bone ends in the joint caps
Subluxation - ANS-- partial dislocation where bone ends still partially touch
Nursing Care - Joint Trauma - ANS-- Risk for Injury
- Acute Pain
- Impaired Physical Mobility
Ice / Heat - ANS-- 20 minutes on, 20 minutes off
Bursitis - ANS-- inflammation of bursa
Epicondylitis - ANS-- Tennis Elbow
- inflammation of tendon at point of origin to bone
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - ANS-- compression of median nerve and inflammation of the
lining of the synovial sheath
- less room compresses nerves and causes pain
Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ANS-- Conservative
- Surgery
Conservative Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ANS-- immobilize and rest
- ice for 20-48 hours and then heat
- medicate ( NSAIDS/Corticosteroids)
Surgical Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ANS-- bursitis & epicondylitis : remove
calcified deposits
- Carpal Tunnel : resect carpal ligament to enlarge tunnel (make opening bigger)
Fracture - ANS-- a break in the continuity of the bone
symptoms - pain, deformity, edema, crepitus
Complete vs. Incomplete Fractures - ANS-total segment transaction vs partial
With vs Without Displacement Fracture - ANS-unstable vs stable
-same position or shifted
Simple vs Compound Fracture - ANS-closed vs open
Fracture Impact - ANS-- muscles
- blood vessels
- nerves
- tendons
- results : soft tissue damage, blood loss, edema
