NR 507/ NR507 (NR507) FINAL EXAM GUIDE 2025
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - -Mediated IgE
-inflammation due to mast cell degranultion
-anaphylactic, asthma, hay fever
treatment: epinephrine
Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - -Cytotoxic reaction: tissue specific
-binds to the antigen ON THE CELL SURFACE
-macrophages are primary effectors cells involved
cause tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity 2 - -Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism) -alters function not destroy
-blood transfusions reaction- transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or lysis
-drug allergies
-hemolytic anemia
Hypersensitivity: type 3 - -Not organ specific
-antibody binds to soluble antigen OUTSIDE THE CELL SURFACE that was released into the blood
or bodily fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - -rheumatoid arthritis
-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
-Raynaud's
Hives (urticaria) - Hypersensitivity Type 1
,First responders to innate the immune system - Neutrophils
Allergic contact dermatitis - Hypersensitivity Type IV
Type 2 cytotoxic hypersensitivity mediated by: - -IgG IgM
-macrophages are primary effort cells
-
Serum Sickness - type 3 hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity IV, - -is more of a delayed immune response.
-mediated T-cells attack tissue directly (no antibodies)
Autoimmune - -diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own
tissues
-
Primary immunodeficiency - -Genetic; inherited
-result of single gene defects
-B and T cell deficiencies
secondary immunodeficiency - -acquired
Common cause of secondary immunodeficiency - Malnutrition
Most patients diagnosed with SLE will have a positive ? - antinuclear antibody (ANA)
SLE (lupus) - -Facial rash
-vasculitis
- tissue inflammation
Renal disease associated with autoimmunity? - Glomerulonephritis
Sjogren's syndrome - Inflammation in salivary and lacrimal glands
SLE - Autoantibodies and auto-active t-cells against DNA and nucleoprotein
Sjögren's syndrome immune changes: - Autoantibodies and auto-reactive t-cells against
apoptotic cells
, rheumatoid arthritis manifestations: - Joint inflammation, stiffness, pain, loss of range of
motion
Rheumatoid Arthritis immune changes: - T-cells and B cells against joint associated
antigens
MS manifestations - Formation of sclerotic plaque in the brain, leads to Muscle weakness
and ataxia
MS immune changes - T-cells against brain antigens
___ measures the average size of RBCs - MCV
Anemia occur by... - -impaired RBC production
-excessive blood loss
- increased RBC production
microlytic anemia is characterized by hyper chromic RBS: - Hereditary spherocytosis
Anemia - -"without blood"
4.7-6.1mcl - Normal for men RBC
4.5-5.2mcL - Normal for women RBC
13.5-17.5 - Normal hemoglobin for men
12.0-15.5 g/dL - Normal hemoglobin for women
RBC - The number of erythrocytes in 1 cubic mm of whole blood
Hemoglobin (Hgb) - The oxygen-carrying pigment of red cells
Hematocrit (Hct) - The volume of cells as a % of total volume of cells and plasma in whole
blood
42-45% - Normal for HCT for men
37-48% - Normal HCT for women
Mean Cell Volume (MCV) - Measures the average size of the RBC
80-100 fL - Normal MCV
RDW (red cell distribution width) - Estimate of the uniformity of individual cell size
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
Hypersensitivity: Type 1 - -Mediated IgE
-inflammation due to mast cell degranultion
-anaphylactic, asthma, hay fever
treatment: epinephrine
Hypersensitivity: Type 2 - -Cytotoxic reaction: tissue specific
-binds to the antigen ON THE CELL SURFACE
-macrophages are primary effectors cells involved
cause tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity 2 - -Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism) -alters function not destroy
-blood transfusions reaction- transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or lysis
-drug allergies
-hemolytic anemia
Hypersensitivity: type 3 - -Not organ specific
-antibody binds to soluble antigen OUTSIDE THE CELL SURFACE that was released into the blood
or bodily fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - -rheumatoid arthritis
-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
-Raynaud's
Hives (urticaria) - Hypersensitivity Type 1
,First responders to innate the immune system - Neutrophils
Allergic contact dermatitis - Hypersensitivity Type IV
Type 2 cytotoxic hypersensitivity mediated by: - -IgG IgM
-macrophages are primary effort cells
-
Serum Sickness - type 3 hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity IV, - -is more of a delayed immune response.
-mediated T-cells attack tissue directly (no antibodies)
Autoimmune - -diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own
tissues
-
Primary immunodeficiency - -Genetic; inherited
-result of single gene defects
-B and T cell deficiencies
secondary immunodeficiency - -acquired
Common cause of secondary immunodeficiency - Malnutrition
Most patients diagnosed with SLE will have a positive ? - antinuclear antibody (ANA)
SLE (lupus) - -Facial rash
-vasculitis
- tissue inflammation
Renal disease associated with autoimmunity? - Glomerulonephritis
Sjogren's syndrome - Inflammation in salivary and lacrimal glands
SLE - Autoantibodies and auto-active t-cells against DNA and nucleoprotein
Sjögren's syndrome immune changes: - Autoantibodies and auto-reactive t-cells against
apoptotic cells
, rheumatoid arthritis manifestations: - Joint inflammation, stiffness, pain, loss of range of
motion
Rheumatoid Arthritis immune changes: - T-cells and B cells against joint associated
antigens
MS manifestations - Formation of sclerotic plaque in the brain, leads to Muscle weakness
and ataxia
MS immune changes - T-cells against brain antigens
___ measures the average size of RBCs - MCV
Anemia occur by... - -impaired RBC production
-excessive blood loss
- increased RBC production
microlytic anemia is characterized by hyper chromic RBS: - Hereditary spherocytosis
Anemia - -"without blood"
4.7-6.1mcl - Normal for men RBC
4.5-5.2mcL - Normal for women RBC
13.5-17.5 - Normal hemoglobin for men
12.0-15.5 g/dL - Normal hemoglobin for women
RBC - The number of erythrocytes in 1 cubic mm of whole blood
Hemoglobin (Hgb) - The oxygen-carrying pigment of red cells
Hematocrit (Hct) - The volume of cells as a % of total volume of cells and plasma in whole
blood
42-45% - Normal for HCT for men
37-48% - Normal HCT for women
Mean Cell Volume (MCV) - Measures the average size of the RBC
80-100 fL - Normal MCV
RDW (red cell distribution width) - Estimate of the uniformity of individual cell size
