IBHRE CEPS Anatomy and Physiology
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Protective sac surrounding heart
Fibrous pericardium and Serous Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Two layers of the
pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer of pericardium, tough outer sheath,
adheres to the sternum and diaphragm to stabilize heart
Serous Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer of pericardium, consisting of two
fluid secreting layers (one lining the outer layer, the other the epicardium)
Aortic and Pulmonary - CORRECT ANSWER - Two semilunar valves
Coronary Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER - Shallow groove that encircles heart, supports
cardiac vessels, and separates heart chambers on surface
Right coronary artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of marginal artery and posterior
descending artery
- supplies RA, most of the RV, and diaphragm side of LV with blood
Marginal artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of RCA that runs along AV groove from
ostium in anterior aorta around RV
Posterior descending artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of RCA that runs between RV
and LV inferiorly
,LCA - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of the left anterior descending artery and
circumflex
- supplies LA, LV, part of RV, most of interventricular septum with blood
Left anterior descending artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of LCA that runs along the
front of the heart
Circumflex artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of LCA that runs between LA and LV
Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein, and posterolateral vein - CORRECT ANSWER -
Largest cardiac veins
Vein of Marshall - CORRECT ANSWER - Oblique vein of the LA, ends near the opening
of the great cardiac vein
Myocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle cells in myocardium, initiate and conduct
electrical impulses
- branch and interlock, separated by discs
- shorten when stimulated
- each has nucleus and myofibrils
Myofibriles - CORRECT ANSWER - Parallel strands of tissue, subdivided into
sarcomeres
Sarcomere - CORRECT ANSWER - Basic contractile unit of the heart
- stimulated: release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, actin and myosin slide over each
other to shorten
, Apex - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart contraction is a wringing twisting motion of the
myocardium that starts at the ___.
K+ concentrated inside cell, Na+ and Ca++ outside cell, internal charge of cell is negative -
CORRECT ANSWER - Cardiac cell at rest: internal charge, ion concentrations
intracellular/extracellular
-90mV - CORRECT ANSWER - Resting transmembrane potential of cardiac cell at rest
-60mV, Na+ rushes into cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Cardiac cell stimulated at ___ mV
causes ___ ion movement
Excitability - CORRECT ANSWER - Inherent ability of myocardial cell to respond to
stimuli
Depolarization phase, Na+ rushes into cell, reversing internal voltage almost instantly to +30mV,
causes adjacent cells to depolarize - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe Phase 0 of Action
Potential
Phase 0 - CORRECT ANSWER - Phases of action potential involved in depolarization
Phase 1-3 - CORRECT ANSWER - Phases of action potential involved in repolarization
Early repolarization, small outflow of K+ ions down transient current - CORRECT
ANSWER - Describe Phase 1 of action potential
Plateau phase, Ca++ channels open slowly, extends duration of action potential, absolute
refractory period - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe Phase 2 of action potential
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Protective sac surrounding heart
Fibrous pericardium and Serous Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Two layers of the
pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer of pericardium, tough outer sheath,
adheres to the sternum and diaphragm to stabilize heart
Serous Pericardium - CORRECT ANSWER - Layer of pericardium, consisting of two
fluid secreting layers (one lining the outer layer, the other the epicardium)
Aortic and Pulmonary - CORRECT ANSWER - Two semilunar valves
Coronary Sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER - Shallow groove that encircles heart, supports
cardiac vessels, and separates heart chambers on surface
Right coronary artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of marginal artery and posterior
descending artery
- supplies RA, most of the RV, and diaphragm side of LV with blood
Marginal artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of RCA that runs along AV groove from
ostium in anterior aorta around RV
Posterior descending artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of RCA that runs between RV
and LV inferiorly
,LCA - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of the left anterior descending artery and
circumflex
- supplies LA, LV, part of RV, most of interventricular septum with blood
Left anterior descending artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of LCA that runs along the
front of the heart
Circumflex artery - CORRECT ANSWER - Part of LCA that runs between LA and LV
Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein, and posterolateral vein - CORRECT ANSWER -
Largest cardiac veins
Vein of Marshall - CORRECT ANSWER - Oblique vein of the LA, ends near the opening
of the great cardiac vein
Myocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle cells in myocardium, initiate and conduct
electrical impulses
- branch and interlock, separated by discs
- shorten when stimulated
- each has nucleus and myofibrils
Myofibriles - CORRECT ANSWER - Parallel strands of tissue, subdivided into
sarcomeres
Sarcomere - CORRECT ANSWER - Basic contractile unit of the heart
- stimulated: release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, actin and myosin slide over each
other to shorten
, Apex - CORRECT ANSWER - Heart contraction is a wringing twisting motion of the
myocardium that starts at the ___.
K+ concentrated inside cell, Na+ and Ca++ outside cell, internal charge of cell is negative -
CORRECT ANSWER - Cardiac cell at rest: internal charge, ion concentrations
intracellular/extracellular
-90mV - CORRECT ANSWER - Resting transmembrane potential of cardiac cell at rest
-60mV, Na+ rushes into cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Cardiac cell stimulated at ___ mV
causes ___ ion movement
Excitability - CORRECT ANSWER - Inherent ability of myocardial cell to respond to
stimuli
Depolarization phase, Na+ rushes into cell, reversing internal voltage almost instantly to +30mV,
causes adjacent cells to depolarize - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe Phase 0 of Action
Potential
Phase 0 - CORRECT ANSWER - Phases of action potential involved in depolarization
Phase 1-3 - CORRECT ANSWER - Phases of action potential involved in repolarization
Early repolarization, small outflow of K+ ions down transient current - CORRECT
ANSWER - Describe Phase 1 of action potential
Plateau phase, Ca++ channels open slowly, extends duration of action potential, absolute
refractory period - CORRECT ANSWER - Describe Phase 2 of action potential
