HOSA NUTRITION REVIEW
TEST OVER 280 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, 1. Carbohydrates: Any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars,
starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water
(2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues.
2. Types of Carbohydrates:
o 2.1 Monosaccharides
o 2.2 Disaccharides
o 2.3 Oligosaccharides
o 2.4 Polysaccharides
o 2.5 Nucleotides
3. Definition of Monosaccharides: Any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that
cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
4. Definition of Disaccharides: Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain
two monosaccharide residues.
5. Definition of Oligosaccharides: Carbohydrates that contain between 3 and 10
single sugar residues.
6. Definition of Polysaccharides: A carbohydrate that can be decomposed by
hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides.
7. Definition of Nucleotides: A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic
acids (RNA and DNA).
8. Types of Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, galactose.
9. Types of Disaccharides: Sucrose, lactose, maltose.
10. Types of Oligosaccharides: Fru, d-fructose; Fuc, l-fucose; Gal, d-galactose;
Glc, d-glucose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid
(or sialic acid).
11. Types of Polysaccharides: Starch, glycogen, cellulose.
12. Types of Nucleotides: DNA nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G),
and cytosine (C). RNA contains the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C),
and uracil (U).
Definitions of Sugars
13. Definition of Glucose: A simple sugar that is an important energy source in
living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
14. Definition of Fructose: Sugar found especially in honey and fruit.
, 15. Definition of Galactose: A sugar of the hexose class which is a constituent of
lactose and many polysaccharides also found in milk.
16. Definition of Sucrose: A compound which is the chief component of cane or
beet sugar.
17. Definition of Lactose: A sugar present in milk. It is a disaccharide containing
glucose and galactose units.
18. Definition of Maltose: A sugar produced by the breakdown of starch, e.g., by
enzymes found in malt and saliva. It is a disaccharide consisting of two linked
glucose units.
19. Definition of Fru, d-fructose: D-Fructose is a metabolite found in Escherichia
coli (strain K12, MG1655) and serves as a sweetening agent.
20. Definition of Fuc, l-fucose: L-Fucose is a metabolite found in Escherichia coli
(strain K12, MG1655) and often attached to a Ser/Thr aglycon.
21. Definition of Gal, d-galactose: D-Galactose is a metabolite found in several
organisms and is also produced by E. coli.
22. Definition of GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine: N-Acetylgalactosamine, also
known as GalNAc, is an organic compound known as an N-acyl-alpha-
hexosamine.
23. Definition of NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid): Predominant
sialic acid found in many mammalian cells.
24. Definition of Starch: An odorless, tasteless white substance obtained chiefly
from cereals and potatoes, functioning as a carbohydrate store.
25. Definition of Glycogen: A substance stored in bodily tissues as a store of
carbohydrates, which forms glucose on hydrolysis.
26. Definition of Cellulose: An insoluble substance that is the main constituent of
plant cell walls.
Fats
27. Definition of Fats: A natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies,
particularly around organs.
28. Types of Fats:
• 28.1 Monounsaturated fats
• 28.2 Polyunsaturated fats
• 28.3 Saturated fats
TEST OVER 280 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
, 1. Carbohydrates: Any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars,
starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water
(2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues.
2. Types of Carbohydrates:
o 2.1 Monosaccharides
o 2.2 Disaccharides
o 2.3 Oligosaccharides
o 2.4 Polysaccharides
o 2.5 Nucleotides
3. Definition of Monosaccharides: Any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that
cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
4. Definition of Disaccharides: Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain
two monosaccharide residues.
5. Definition of Oligosaccharides: Carbohydrates that contain between 3 and 10
single sugar residues.
6. Definition of Polysaccharides: A carbohydrate that can be decomposed by
hydrolysis into two or more molecules of monosaccharides.
7. Definition of Nucleotides: A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic
acids (RNA and DNA).
8. Types of Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, galactose.
9. Types of Disaccharides: Sucrose, lactose, maltose.
10. Types of Oligosaccharides: Fru, d-fructose; Fuc, l-fucose; Gal, d-galactose;
Glc, d-glucose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid
(or sialic acid).
11. Types of Polysaccharides: Starch, glycogen, cellulose.
12. Types of Nucleotides: DNA nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G),
and cytosine (C). RNA contains the bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C),
and uracil (U).
Definitions of Sugars
13. Definition of Glucose: A simple sugar that is an important energy source in
living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
14. Definition of Fructose: Sugar found especially in honey and fruit.
, 15. Definition of Galactose: A sugar of the hexose class which is a constituent of
lactose and many polysaccharides also found in milk.
16. Definition of Sucrose: A compound which is the chief component of cane or
beet sugar.
17. Definition of Lactose: A sugar present in milk. It is a disaccharide containing
glucose and galactose units.
18. Definition of Maltose: A sugar produced by the breakdown of starch, e.g., by
enzymes found in malt and saliva. It is a disaccharide consisting of two linked
glucose units.
19. Definition of Fru, d-fructose: D-Fructose is a metabolite found in Escherichia
coli (strain K12, MG1655) and serves as a sweetening agent.
20. Definition of Fuc, l-fucose: L-Fucose is a metabolite found in Escherichia coli
(strain K12, MG1655) and often attached to a Ser/Thr aglycon.
21. Definition of Gal, d-galactose: D-Galactose is a metabolite found in several
organisms and is also produced by E. coli.
22. Definition of GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine: N-Acetylgalactosamine, also
known as GalNAc, is an organic compound known as an N-acyl-alpha-
hexosamine.
23. Definition of NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid): Predominant
sialic acid found in many mammalian cells.
24. Definition of Starch: An odorless, tasteless white substance obtained chiefly
from cereals and potatoes, functioning as a carbohydrate store.
25. Definition of Glycogen: A substance stored in bodily tissues as a store of
carbohydrates, which forms glucose on hydrolysis.
26. Definition of Cellulose: An insoluble substance that is the main constituent of
plant cell walls.
Fats
27. Definition of Fats: A natural oily or greasy substance occurring in animal bodies,
particularly around organs.
28. Types of Fats:
• 28.1 Monounsaturated fats
• 28.2 Polyunsaturated fats
• 28.3 Saturated fats
