HOSA NUTRITION REVIEW
TEST OVER 780 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,1. Absorption
Taking up of nutrients in the intestines.
2. Adipose tissue
Fatty tissue.
3. Aerobic metabolism
Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called oxidation.
4. Albumin
Protein that occurs in blood plasma.
5. Alkalosis
Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from, the body.
6. Amino acids
Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed.
7. Amphetamines
Drugs intended to inhibit appetite.
8. Anemia
Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or blood
volume.
9. Angina pectoris
Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
10. Arteriosclerosis
Generic term for thickened arteries.
11. Arthritis
Chronic disease involving the joints.
12. Ascites
Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
13. Aspartame
Artificial sweetener made from two amino acids; does not require insulin for
metabolism.
14. Aspirated
Inhaled or suctioned.
15. Atherosclerosis
A form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the artery walls.
16. Avitaminosis
Without vitamins.
,17. Beriberi
Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin B1 thiamine. Legs feel heavy, feet
burn and muscles degenerate.
18. Basal metabolism rate (BMR)
The rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance.
19. Bile
Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion of fat.
20. Bioavailable
The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body.
21. Biotin
A B vitamin, necessary for metabolism.
22. Bolus
Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed.
23. Botulism
Deadliest of food poisoning; caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.
24. Bran
Outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins, cellulose, and
protein.
25. Buffer systems
Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in body fluids.
26. Cachexia
Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease.
27. Caliper
Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold
measurement.
28. Nutrients (6)
Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for good health:
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
29. Essential nutrient
Nutrients found only in food.
30. Carbohydrates
About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein-sparing action. Normal fat
metabolism. Three types.
, 31. Monosaccharides
Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can be easily absorbed
directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine; they include glucose,
fructose, and galactose.
32. Disaccharides
Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are sucrose, maltose,
and lactose.
33. Lactose intolerance
Inability to digest lactose due to lack of the enzyme lactase; causes abdominal
cramps and diarrhea.
34. Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates containing combinations of monosaccharides.
Examples include starch, dextrin, cellulose, and glycogen.
35. Glycogen
Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2 day supply of
energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
36. Fiber
Indigestible parts of plants; absorb water in the large intestine, helping to create
soft stool.
37. Cellulose
Primary sources of dietary fiber.
38. Endosperm
The inner part of the kernel of grain; contains a carbohydrate. Contains starch,
protein, and some B vitamins.
39. Germ
Smallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B vitamins, vitamin E, minerals,
and proteins.
40. Lipids and fat
Formed from glycerol. Provides energy. 9 calories.
41. Hypercholesterolemia
Unusually high levels of cholesterol in blood; also known as high serum
cholesterol. Common in clients with atherosclerosis.
42. Plaque
Fatty deposit on the interior of artery walls. When plaque blocks the heart, a
heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain, a stroke occurs.
TEST OVER 780 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,1. Absorption
Taking up of nutrients in the intestines.
2. Adipose tissue
Fatty tissue.
3. Aerobic metabolism
Combining nutrient oxygen within the cell; also called oxidation.
4. Albumin
Protein that occurs in blood plasma.
5. Alkalosis
Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from, the body.
6. Amino acids
Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed.
7. Amphetamines
Drugs intended to inhibit appetite.
8. Anemia
Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or blood
volume.
9. Angina pectoris
Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
10. Arteriosclerosis
Generic term for thickened arteries.
11. Arthritis
Chronic disease involving the joints.
12. Ascites
Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
13. Aspartame
Artificial sweetener made from two amino acids; does not require insulin for
metabolism.
14. Aspirated
Inhaled or suctioned.
15. Atherosclerosis
A form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the artery walls.
16. Avitaminosis
Without vitamins.
,17. Beriberi
Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin B1 thiamine. Legs feel heavy, feet
burn and muscles degenerate.
18. Basal metabolism rate (BMR)
The rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance.
19. Bile
Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion of fat.
20. Bioavailable
The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body.
21. Biotin
A B vitamin, necessary for metabolism.
22. Bolus
Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed.
23. Botulism
Deadliest of food poisoning; caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.
24. Bran
Outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins, cellulose, and
protein.
25. Buffer systems
Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in body fluids.
26. Cachexia
Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease.
27. Caliper
Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold
measurement.
28. Nutrients (6)
Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for good health:
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
29. Essential nutrient
Nutrients found only in food.
30. Carbohydrates
About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein-sparing action. Normal fat
metabolism. Three types.
, 31. Monosaccharides
Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can be easily absorbed
directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine; they include glucose,
fructose, and galactose.
32. Disaccharides
Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are sucrose, maltose,
and lactose.
33. Lactose intolerance
Inability to digest lactose due to lack of the enzyme lactase; causes abdominal
cramps and diarrhea.
34. Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates containing combinations of monosaccharides.
Examples include starch, dextrin, cellulose, and glycogen.
35. Glycogen
Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2 day supply of
energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
36. Fiber
Indigestible parts of plants; absorb water in the large intestine, helping to create
soft stool.
37. Cellulose
Primary sources of dietary fiber.
38. Endosperm
The inner part of the kernel of grain; contains a carbohydrate. Contains starch,
protein, and some B vitamins.
39. Germ
Smallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B vitamins, vitamin E, minerals,
and proteins.
40. Lipids and fat
Formed from glycerol. Provides energy. 9 calories.
41. Hypercholesterolemia
Unusually high levels of cholesterol in blood; also known as high serum
cholesterol. Common in clients with atherosclerosis.
42. Plaque
Fatty deposit on the interior of artery walls. When plaque blocks the heart, a
heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain, a stroke occurs.
