Learning: Module 02: Digestive System - Regulation of Digestive Functions Real Exam Questions And Correct Answers Detailed Rationales.

Slow, spontaneous graded depolarizations that occur in the circular layer of smooth muscle in the GI tract are called ________. - correct answer slow waves Which phase of acid secretion takes place when a person's stomach starts growling after smelling French fries? - correct answer cephalic A high-protein meal stimulates release of ________, which in turn stimulates secretion of ________. - correct answer gastrin; hydrochloric acid Where in the GI tract does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin? - correct answer mouth The parietal cells of the stomach synthesize and secrete ________, and its chief cells synthesize and secrete ________. - correct answer hydrochloric acid; pepsinogen Which of the following statements about the enteric nervous system is true? - correct answer The effector cells of the enteric nervous system include exocrine glands. An example of a feedforward endocrine reflex in the digestive system is the ________. - correct answer stimulation of insulin release by GIP, preventing a rise in plasma glucose Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by the human GI tract? - correct answer cellulose Where in the GI tract does the chemical digestion of lipids begin? - correct answer mouth Place the intermediates of lipid digestion in the correct order, starting with large fat globules: a. large fat globules b. micelles c. chylomicrons d. fat droplets with bile salts e. monoglycerides - correct answer a, d, b, e, c Where in the GI tract are chyme, bicarbonate, amylase, bile, lipase, and nucleases found? - correct answer duodenum Where in the GI tract does the chemical digestion of proteins begin? - correct answer stomach Of the total fluid that flows in the gastrointestinal system each day, where is the majority absorbed? - correct answer small intestines Adjacent smooth muscle cells of the small intestine have ________ to coordinate contractile activity. - correct answer gap junctions Which of the following statements regarding the short and long reflexes that regulate GI function is true? - correct answer Reflexes that originate and are integrated in the enteric nervous system are called short reflexes. The surface area of the small intestine is increased dramatically by the presence of villi and the ________. - correct answer brush border The gastric phase of digestion can be initiated by the ________. - correct answer presence of amino acids in the stomach Regulation of the GI tract may involve the ________ system. - correct answer All of the listed responses are correct. Microbes in the colon can synthesize ________, which is (are) absorbed luminally via ________. - correct answer vitamin K; simple diffusion Which of the following nutrients is chemically digested in the mouth, the stomach, and the small intestine? - correct answer fats Which of the following sequences of GI anatomy is listed in the correct order? - correct answer esophagus, gastric antrum, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, ileum In the mouth, amylase digests starch to ________, which is further digested to ________ in the small intestine by the action of the enzyme ________. - correct answer maltose; glucose; maltase ________ is (are) a key component of bile, and its (their) function is to ________. - correct answer Bile salts; emulsify fats during digestion Processes that occur within the gastrointestinal tract (GI) include ________. - correct answer All of the listed responses are correct. Slow, spontaneous graded depolarizations that occur in the circular layer of smooth muscle in the GI tract are called ________. - correct answer slow waves Which phase of acid secretion takes place when a person's stomach starts growling after smelling French fries? - correct answer cephalic A high-protein meal stimulates release of ________, which in turn stimulates secretion of ________. - correct answer gastrin; hydrochloric acid Where in the GI tract does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin? - correct answer mouth The parietal cells of the stomach synthesize and secrete ________, and its chief cells synthesize and secrete ________. - correct answer hydrochloric acid; pepsinogen Which of the following statements about the enteric nervous system is true? - correct answer The effector cells of the enteric nervous system include exocrine glands. An example of a feedforward endocrine reflex in the digestive system is the ________. - correct answer stimulation of insulin release by GIP, preventing a rise in plasma glucose Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by the human GI tract? - correct answer cellulose Where in the GI tract does the chemical digestion of lipids begin? - correct answer mouth Place the intermediates of lipid digestion in the correct order, starting with large fat globules: a. large fat globules b. micelles c. chylomicrons d. fat droplets with bile salts e. monoglycerides - correct answer a, d, b, e, c Where in the GI tract are chyme, bicarbonate, amylase, bile, lipase, and nucleases found? - correct answer duodenum Where in the GI tract does the chemical digestion of proteins begin? - correct answer stomach Of the total fluid that flows in the gastrointestinal system each day, where is the majority absorbed? - correct answer small intestines Adjacent smooth muscle cells of the small intestine have ________ to coordinate contractile activity. - correct answer gap junctions Which of the following statements regarding the short and long reflexes that regulate GI function is true? - correct answer Reflexes that originate and are integrated in the enteric nervous system are called short reflexes. The surface area of the small intestine is increased dramatically by the presence of villi and the ________. - correct answer brush border The gastric phase of digestion can be initiated by the ________. - correct answer presence of amino acids in the stomach Regulation of the GI tract may involve the ________ system. - correct answer All of the listed responses are correct. Microbes in the colon can synthesize ________, which is (are) absorbed luminally via ________. - correct answer vitamin K; simple diffusion Which of the following nutrients is chemically digested in the mouth, the stomach, and the small intestine? - correct answer fats Which of the following sequences of GI anatomy is listed in the correct order? - correct answer esophagus, gastric antrum, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, ileum In the mouth, amylase digests starch to ________, which is further digested to ________ in the small intestine by the action of the enzyme ________. - correct answer maltose; glucose; maltase ________ is (are) a key component of bile, and its (their) function is to ________. - correct answer Bile salts; emulsify fats during digestion