TEST BANK FOR CURRENT MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
2025/2026 62ND EDITION BY MAXINE PAPADAKIS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS| LATEST UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
Premature or extra beats at random intervals, but normal underlying rhythm (e.g., atrial or
ventricular premature contractions, sinus arrhythmia) Sporadic
Regular pattern of cadences (ventricular trigeminy) Regularly Irregular
No discernable regularity (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter) Irregularly Irregular
Rhythm varies cyclically, speeding up with inspiration and slowing down with expiration.
Heart sounds are normal, though S1 may vary with the heart rate. Sporadic Sinus Arrhythmia
Atrial or nodal beat comes earlier than expected followed by a pause, and then rhythm
resumes.
Heart sounds: S1 may differ in intensity from the S1 of normal beats and S2 may be decreased
Atrial or nodal Premature contractions
(supraventricular)
Beat of ventricular origin comes early the expected, followed by a pause and the rhythm
resumes.
Heart sounds: S1 may differ in intensity from normal S1, and S2 may be decreased. Both are
likely to be split. Sporadic Ventricular Premature Contractions (ventricular bigeminy or
trigeminy
Ventricular rhythm is totally irregular, with short runs of the irregular ventricular rhythm
seeming regular.
, Heart sounds: S1 varies in intensity Irregularly Irregular Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
with Varying AV Block
Normal pulse pressure 30-40 mmHg, pulse contour is smooth and rounded (notch on
descending slope not palapable)
Small, weak pulse - diminished pulse pressure
- weak and small on palpation
- slow upstroke
- prolonged systolic peak
Small, weak pulse causes - decreased Stroke volume
- Heart failure
- Hypovolemia
- Severe aortic stenosis
- increased peripheral resistance
- Hypothermia
- Severe heart failure
Large, bounding pulse - Increased pulse pressure
- Strong and bounding on palpation
- Rapid rise and fall with a brief systolic peak
Large bounding causes Increased stroke volume, Decreased peripheral resistance, Fever,
Anemia, Hyperthyroidism, Aortic Regurgitation, Arteriovenous fistulas, patent ductus arteriosus,
bradycardia, complete heart block, atherosclerosis
2025/2026 62ND EDITION BY MAXINE PAPADAKIS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS| LATEST UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
Premature or extra beats at random intervals, but normal underlying rhythm (e.g., atrial or
ventricular premature contractions, sinus arrhythmia) Sporadic
Regular pattern of cadences (ventricular trigeminy) Regularly Irregular
No discernable regularity (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter) Irregularly Irregular
Rhythm varies cyclically, speeding up with inspiration and slowing down with expiration.
Heart sounds are normal, though S1 may vary with the heart rate. Sporadic Sinus Arrhythmia
Atrial or nodal beat comes earlier than expected followed by a pause, and then rhythm
resumes.
Heart sounds: S1 may differ in intensity from the S1 of normal beats and S2 may be decreased
Atrial or nodal Premature contractions
(supraventricular)
Beat of ventricular origin comes early the expected, followed by a pause and the rhythm
resumes.
Heart sounds: S1 may differ in intensity from normal S1, and S2 may be decreased. Both are
likely to be split. Sporadic Ventricular Premature Contractions (ventricular bigeminy or
trigeminy
Ventricular rhythm is totally irregular, with short runs of the irregular ventricular rhythm
seeming regular.
, Heart sounds: S1 varies in intensity Irregularly Irregular Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
with Varying AV Block
Normal pulse pressure 30-40 mmHg, pulse contour is smooth and rounded (notch on
descending slope not palapable)
Small, weak pulse - diminished pulse pressure
- weak and small on palpation
- slow upstroke
- prolonged systolic peak
Small, weak pulse causes - decreased Stroke volume
- Heart failure
- Hypovolemia
- Severe aortic stenosis
- increased peripheral resistance
- Hypothermia
- Severe heart failure
Large, bounding pulse - Increased pulse pressure
- Strong and bounding on palpation
- Rapid rise and fall with a brief systolic peak
Large bounding causes Increased stroke volume, Decreased peripheral resistance, Fever,
Anemia, Hyperthyroidism, Aortic Regurgitation, Arteriovenous fistulas, patent ductus arteriosus,
bradycardia, complete heart block, atherosclerosis
