UTA Patho EXAM NEWEST 2025 EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Oxygenated vs deoxygenated side of heart - Answers - ✔✔-Right side is deoxygenated
known as venous
-Left side is oxygenated known as arterial
Veins vs arteries
-oxygenated or deoxygenated?
-do they travel up or down (toward or away from heart)? - Answers - ✔✔-Veins are
deoxygenated travel up towards heart
-arteries are oxygenated travel down away from heart
Pathway of blood in heart - Answers - ✔✔Blood enters through I/S VC-> RA-> tricuspid
valve-> RV-> pulmonic valve-> pulmonary arteries-> pulmonary arterioles-> pulmonary
capillaries (gas exchange occurs here w/ alveoli)-> pulmonary venules-> pulmonary
veins-> LA-> mitral valve-> LV-> aortic valve-> aorta-> coronary arteries, brain via
carotid, remainder of body-> arterioles of tissue-> capillaries (gas exchange occurs
here)-> venules-> veins-> I/S VC
Define cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, circulatory system - Answers - ✔✔-
Cardiovascular: heart and its vessels
-Peripheral vascular: vessels outside heart
-Circulatory system: combination of both
What occurs prior to systolic ejection?
what occurs during systole?
What occurs during diastole?
-include "LubDub" connection - Answers - ✔✔-Prior to systolic ejection: AV valves open
and ventricles fill
-During systole: AV valves close and pulmonic/aortic valves open (AV valves closing
creates lub sound), begins with electrical signal from SA node, RV&LV contacting
-During diastole: pulmonic/aortic valves close, RV&LV begin to fill after dub sound
cardiac output
-Define
-formula
-normal range
-good CO means
-what can improve/deteriorate CO? - Answers - ✔✔-Blood ejected from LV per min
, - HR x SV
-Normal: 4-6L /min
-Good perfusion- normal BP, pulse, capillary refill, mentation, skin color & warmth
-Changes in HR, changes in SV (contractility, preload, afterload)
Central vs. Peripheral - Answers - ✔✔Central: heart, lungs, brain, kidneys (crucial
areas)
Peripheral: anything outside crucial areas
Stoke volume
-Define
-Normal range
-Dependent of which 3 factors? - Answers - ✔✔-Blood ejected from LV per contraction
-Normal: ~70 ml/beat
-Preload, contractility, afterload
Preload
-Define
-What is it known for?
-Why is the heart muscle like a rubber band? - Answers - ✔✔-What comes to ventricles
before contraction
-Volume
-The more its stretched the better the contraction (Frank sterling law)
Contractility
-Define
-What is it known for?
-Positive vs negative inotropic effect? - Answers - ✔✔-How well cardiac cells eject blood
-Pump action
-PIE: something that enhances contractility
-NIE: something that decreases contractility
Afterload
-Define
-What is it known for?
-Normal afterload exists when receiving arteries have...
-Name of normal RV and LV afterload? - Answers - ✔✔-Any resistance to ejection of
blood to flow forward
-Resistance
-Normal vasomotor tone, linings are smooth and patent
-RV: pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
-LV: systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Pathway of blood in peripheral - Answers - ✔✔Aorta->major arteries in leg-> pedal
arteries (DP, PT)-> arterioles of tissue beds in legs and feet-> capillary beds (gas
exchange occurs here)-> venules-> veins of feet and legs-> inferior VC
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Oxygenated vs deoxygenated side of heart - Answers - ✔✔-Right side is deoxygenated
known as venous
-Left side is oxygenated known as arterial
Veins vs arteries
-oxygenated or deoxygenated?
-do they travel up or down (toward or away from heart)? - Answers - ✔✔-Veins are
deoxygenated travel up towards heart
-arteries are oxygenated travel down away from heart
Pathway of blood in heart - Answers - ✔✔Blood enters through I/S VC-> RA-> tricuspid
valve-> RV-> pulmonic valve-> pulmonary arteries-> pulmonary arterioles-> pulmonary
capillaries (gas exchange occurs here w/ alveoli)-> pulmonary venules-> pulmonary
veins-> LA-> mitral valve-> LV-> aortic valve-> aorta-> coronary arteries, brain via
carotid, remainder of body-> arterioles of tissue-> capillaries (gas exchange occurs
here)-> venules-> veins-> I/S VC
Define cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, circulatory system - Answers - ✔✔-
Cardiovascular: heart and its vessels
-Peripheral vascular: vessels outside heart
-Circulatory system: combination of both
What occurs prior to systolic ejection?
what occurs during systole?
What occurs during diastole?
-include "LubDub" connection - Answers - ✔✔-Prior to systolic ejection: AV valves open
and ventricles fill
-During systole: AV valves close and pulmonic/aortic valves open (AV valves closing
creates lub sound), begins with electrical signal from SA node, RV&LV contacting
-During diastole: pulmonic/aortic valves close, RV&LV begin to fill after dub sound
cardiac output
-Define
-formula
-normal range
-good CO means
-what can improve/deteriorate CO? - Answers - ✔✔-Blood ejected from LV per min
, - HR x SV
-Normal: 4-6L /min
-Good perfusion- normal BP, pulse, capillary refill, mentation, skin color & warmth
-Changes in HR, changes in SV (contractility, preload, afterload)
Central vs. Peripheral - Answers - ✔✔Central: heart, lungs, brain, kidneys (crucial
areas)
Peripheral: anything outside crucial areas
Stoke volume
-Define
-Normal range
-Dependent of which 3 factors? - Answers - ✔✔-Blood ejected from LV per contraction
-Normal: ~70 ml/beat
-Preload, contractility, afterload
Preload
-Define
-What is it known for?
-Why is the heart muscle like a rubber band? - Answers - ✔✔-What comes to ventricles
before contraction
-Volume
-The more its stretched the better the contraction (Frank sterling law)
Contractility
-Define
-What is it known for?
-Positive vs negative inotropic effect? - Answers - ✔✔-How well cardiac cells eject blood
-Pump action
-PIE: something that enhances contractility
-NIE: something that decreases contractility
Afterload
-Define
-What is it known for?
-Normal afterload exists when receiving arteries have...
-Name of normal RV and LV afterload? - Answers - ✔✔-Any resistance to ejection of
blood to flow forward
-Resistance
-Normal vasomotor tone, linings are smooth and patent
-RV: pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
-LV: systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Pathway of blood in peripheral - Answers - ✔✔Aorta->major arteries in leg-> pedal
arteries (DP, PT)-> arterioles of tissue beds in legs and feet-> capillary beds (gas
exchange occurs here)-> venules-> veins of feet and legs-> inferior VC
