Sonosim Exam 1
Long axis vs. short axis view- how are these view related to the positioning of the transducer? - Answer-
Rotate transducer 90* to switch
How does the angle of insonation affect the ultrasound image quality? - Answer-Can minimize scatter by
reducing angle
What is an anisotropic artifact? How is this related to the angle of insonace? - Answer-Properties that
differ according to view. Tendons are most anisotropic. If angle is not perpendicular, you get the artifact
Why do bones typically have a hyperechoic cortex with anechoic underlying tissue? What is this
phenomenon referred to? - Answer-Hard tissue (dense) and strongly reflects waves.
Acoustic shadow
Describe the normal appearance of muscle tissue using the terms hyperechoic and hypoechoic. -
Answer-Hypoechoic appearance relative to other structures
Compare the appearance of tendons to muscle tissue. - Answer-Tendons are hyperechoic
What are the possible conclusions that can be reached when a tendon appears discontinuous in a long
axis view? What can be done to better determine the cause of this observation? - Answer-True
interruption = injury
Oblique angle = anasotrpy
, How does transducer frequency affect penetration and image quality? - Answer-Higher frequency =
better for superficial stuff and better image
How does the image produced with a linear vs. curvilinear transducer differ? - Answer-Curvilinear =
wedged shaped image
Linear = box shaped image
Describe the conventional transducer orientation for MSK sonography. - Answer-Orient toward right
side or in a cephalad direction
--- - Answer----
Which of the capsular ligaments of the hip joint can most easily be visualized using sonography? -
Answer-Iliofemoral ligament
Describe the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle. - Answer-Sartorius - lateral
Inguinal ligament - superior oblique
Adductor longus - medial
Medial floor - pectineous and adductor longous
Lateral floor - Illiopsoas
Contents medial to lateral - femoral vein, artery, nerve
What two muscles can be seen attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine? - Answer-Tensor fasciae
latae (laterally) and sartorious (medially)
How should the patient's lower limb be position to view structures in the medial compartment of the
thigh? - Answer-Thigh abducted and externally rotated
Long axis vs. short axis view- how are these view related to the positioning of the transducer? - Answer-
Rotate transducer 90* to switch
How does the angle of insonation affect the ultrasound image quality? - Answer-Can minimize scatter by
reducing angle
What is an anisotropic artifact? How is this related to the angle of insonace? - Answer-Properties that
differ according to view. Tendons are most anisotropic. If angle is not perpendicular, you get the artifact
Why do bones typically have a hyperechoic cortex with anechoic underlying tissue? What is this
phenomenon referred to? - Answer-Hard tissue (dense) and strongly reflects waves.
Acoustic shadow
Describe the normal appearance of muscle tissue using the terms hyperechoic and hypoechoic. -
Answer-Hypoechoic appearance relative to other structures
Compare the appearance of tendons to muscle tissue. - Answer-Tendons are hyperechoic
What are the possible conclusions that can be reached when a tendon appears discontinuous in a long
axis view? What can be done to better determine the cause of this observation? - Answer-True
interruption = injury
Oblique angle = anasotrpy
, How does transducer frequency affect penetration and image quality? - Answer-Higher frequency =
better for superficial stuff and better image
How does the image produced with a linear vs. curvilinear transducer differ? - Answer-Curvilinear =
wedged shaped image
Linear = box shaped image
Describe the conventional transducer orientation for MSK sonography. - Answer-Orient toward right
side or in a cephalad direction
--- - Answer----
Which of the capsular ligaments of the hip joint can most easily be visualized using sonography? -
Answer-Iliofemoral ligament
Describe the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle. - Answer-Sartorius - lateral
Inguinal ligament - superior oblique
Adductor longus - medial
Medial floor - pectineous and adductor longous
Lateral floor - Illiopsoas
Contents medial to lateral - femoral vein, artery, nerve
What two muscles can be seen attaching to the anterior superior iliac spine? - Answer-Tensor fasciae
latae (laterally) and sartorious (medially)
How should the patient's lower limb be position to view structures in the medial compartment of the
thigh? - Answer-Thigh abducted and externally rotated
