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Subjective Changes ✔✔Amenorrhea, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, urinary frequency, breast
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changes, quickening, abdominal enlargement.
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Objective Changes ✔✔Pregnancy test, fetal heart sounds, fundal height.
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Developmental task of becoming a parent ✔✔Love and protect the child, parents identify
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changing roles and are willing to make the lifestyle changes, parents identify with parents roles,
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parents discuss what roles mean, couple incorporates child into relationship, couples support
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each other.
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Preparation of Siblings/Grandparents ✔✔Grandparents- Delighted with newborn. May feel
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negativity towards growing older. Provides long term help. Demands of helping raise the
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grandchild can be stressful. c c c
Siblings- Often experience jealousy towards the newborn. Let the sibling help with care of the infant.
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c Continue you to show affection to all children.
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,Iron and Folic Acid Supplements ✔✔Folic acid- Decreases risk of neural tube defects.
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Iron supplements- A woman is anticipating a short time period between pregnancies is atrium for
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iron-deficiency anemia. Encourage iron rich foods. c c c c c
Parent Classes ✔✔Educate on how to hold, suction, bath, and dress the newborn.
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True/False Labor ✔✔Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular contractions that begin during
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early pregnancy and are perceived by the pregnant woman. If cervix is not dilated and
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contractions remain irregular or stop, it is known as false labor (prodromal labor). True labor has
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cervical change, regular contractions, and pink mucous.
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Common Discomforts of Pregnancy ✔✔Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, constipation, leg cramps,
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backache, urinary frequency. c c
Alpho-feto Protein ✔✔Determines the level of this protein in the pregnant women's blood serum
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or in a sample of amniotic fluid. Correct interpretation requires accurate gestational age. Test
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usually preformed at 16-18 weeks gestation. High levels may cause spina bifida. Low levels may
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cause chromosomal anomalies or hydatidiform mole.
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, Amniocentesis ✔✔Performed to obtain amniotic fluid containing fetal cells. Under direct
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visualization of ultrasound a thin needle is inserted through the abdominal and uterine walls to
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withdraw amniotic fluid into a syringe. Sufficient fluid must be present for the test to be done,
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usually 15 to 17 weeks gestation. Check for genetic disorder, levels of AFP, neural tube defects,
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and chromosomal defects. Minimal risk of abortion in late pregnancy. Check Rh compatibility.
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Fetal Biophysical Profile ✔✔Monitors the fetal breathing, gross fetal movements, FHR
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variability and reactivity to NST, and volume of amniotic fluid. Used after 26 weeks gestation.
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Assesses hypoxia and loss of muscle tone.c c c c c c
Ultrasound ✔✔Used to visualize internal organs and tissues. Bladder must be full, so woman
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should drink 1-2 quarts of water before procedure. Confirms pregnancy and gestational age,
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verifies death, rules out abnormalities, observes fetal movement.
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High Risk Pregnancies ✔✔Diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, AIDS, HIV.
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Adolescent Pregnancy ✔✔There may be financial problems, shame, guilt, relationship problems
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with the infants father, and feelings of low self-esteem. Alcoholism and substance abuse may be
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a part of the complex picture. Advise patient to eat foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular
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exercise and muscle activity is necessary for bone health.
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