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BCH4024 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Features of living organisms: - Answer✔-chemical complexity, microscopic organization
-ability to extract, transform, and use energy from environment
-defined functions for each biological components and regulation of interactions between
components
-ability to sense and respond to environment
-self replication
-ability to evolve and adapt to environmnet
Three domains of life, and which two evolved from the same branch? - Answer✔bacteria,
archaea, eukarya (nuclear membrane). Archaea, eukarya
Typically single-cell microorganisms - Answer✔Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)
Features of prokaryotic cells: - Answer✔1-10 um
-flagella for mobility, pili for adhesion
-cell envelope: plasma membrane and layers surrounding plasma membrane
-cytoplasm: enclosed by plasma membrane
What are cell envelopes formed from? - Answer✔membranes and peptidoglycans
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(Prokaryotic Cell) Parts of cytoplasm: - Answer✔-cytosol: aq soln containing biomolecules
-nucleoid: genetic material, no membrane
-cytoskeleton: made of protein, provides structure and organization to cytoplasm, is dynamic
Most studied bacterium? - Answer✔E. Coli
Structural Features of Bacterial Cells: - Answer✔2 um x 1 um, contains 15,000 ribosomes
Ribosomes in bacterial cells: - Answer✔bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are smaller than
eukaryotic ribosomes, but serve same function- protein synthesis from RNA message
Flagella in bacterial cells: - Answer✔propel cell through its surrounding
Major Features of Eukaryotic Cells - Answer✔5-100 um
-multicellular organisms (protists, fungi, plants, animals)
-outer membrane: dynamic structure of lipids and proteins
-nucleus: contains genetic material, and enclosed by a membrane
-cytoplasm: enclosed by outer membrane
What segregates chromatin (DNA+protein) from cytoplasm in animal cells? - Answer✔nuclear
envelope
Plasma membrane - Answer✔separates cell from environment; regulates movement of
materials into and out of cell
Rough endoplasm reticulum - Answer✔site of protein synthesis
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Mitochondrion - Answer✔oxidizes fuels to product ATP
Peroxisomes - Answer✔oxidizes fatty acids
Lysosome - Answer✔degrades intracellular debris
Transport vesicle - Answer✔shuttles lipids and proteins between ER, golgi, and plasma
membrane
Golgi Complex - Answer✔processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for
export
Smooth ER - Answer✔site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism
Nucelus - Answer✔contains genes (chromatin)
Nucleolus - Answer✔site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
Chloroplast - Answer✔harvest sunlight, produces ATP and carbohydrates.
(only in plant cells)
Starch granule - Answer✔temporarily stores carbohydrate products of photosynthesis
(only in plant cells)
Thylakoids - Answer✔site of light driven photosynthesis
(only in plant cells)
3|Page
BCH4024 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
|Latest 2025 | Guaranteed Pass
Features of living organisms: - Answer✔-chemical complexity, microscopic organization
-ability to extract, transform, and use energy from environment
-defined functions for each biological components and regulation of interactions between
components
-ability to sense and respond to environment
-self replication
-ability to evolve and adapt to environmnet
Three domains of life, and which two evolved from the same branch? - Answer✔bacteria,
archaea, eukarya (nuclear membrane). Archaea, eukarya
Typically single-cell microorganisms - Answer✔Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea)
Features of prokaryotic cells: - Answer✔1-10 um
-flagella for mobility, pili for adhesion
-cell envelope: plasma membrane and layers surrounding plasma membrane
-cytoplasm: enclosed by plasma membrane
What are cell envelopes formed from? - Answer✔membranes and peptidoglycans
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:49 AM A+
(Prokaryotic Cell) Parts of cytoplasm: - Answer✔-cytosol: aq soln containing biomolecules
-nucleoid: genetic material, no membrane
-cytoskeleton: made of protein, provides structure and organization to cytoplasm, is dynamic
Most studied bacterium? - Answer✔E. Coli
Structural Features of Bacterial Cells: - Answer✔2 um x 1 um, contains 15,000 ribosomes
Ribosomes in bacterial cells: - Answer✔bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are smaller than
eukaryotic ribosomes, but serve same function- protein synthesis from RNA message
Flagella in bacterial cells: - Answer✔propel cell through its surrounding
Major Features of Eukaryotic Cells - Answer✔5-100 um
-multicellular organisms (protists, fungi, plants, animals)
-outer membrane: dynamic structure of lipids and proteins
-nucleus: contains genetic material, and enclosed by a membrane
-cytoplasm: enclosed by outer membrane
What segregates chromatin (DNA+protein) from cytoplasm in animal cells? - Answer✔nuclear
envelope
Plasma membrane - Answer✔separates cell from environment; regulates movement of
materials into and out of cell
Rough endoplasm reticulum - Answer✔site of protein synthesis
2|Page
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11:49 AM A+
Mitochondrion - Answer✔oxidizes fuels to product ATP
Peroxisomes - Answer✔oxidizes fatty acids
Lysosome - Answer✔degrades intracellular debris
Transport vesicle - Answer✔shuttles lipids and proteins between ER, golgi, and plasma
membrane
Golgi Complex - Answer✔processes, packages, and targets proteins to other organelles or for
export
Smooth ER - Answer✔site of lipid synthesis and drug metabolism
Nucelus - Answer✔contains genes (chromatin)
Nucleolus - Answer✔site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
Chloroplast - Answer✔harvest sunlight, produces ATP and carbohydrates.
(only in plant cells)
Starch granule - Answer✔temporarily stores carbohydrate products of photosynthesis
(only in plant cells)
Thylakoids - Answer✔site of light driven photosynthesis
(only in plant cells)
3|Page
