Biology EOC Exam Review Questions with
Correct Answers
Prokaryote Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (Ex. Bacteria)
Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells
Unicellular Organism Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex. Bacteria)
Passive Transport No energy required; transport of small and medium materials across
the plasma membrane (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion No energy required; transports molecules from high to low concentrations in
order to even them out (for small materials)
Osmosis No energy required; transports WATER from high to low concentrations in order
to even them out
,Facilitated Diffusion uses transport proteins to help move material across the plasma
membrane, but still doesn't require energy
Homeostasis Internal condition is balanced
Active Transport Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets molecules across the
cell through pumps and vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)
Pumps Molecules are "pumped" by a transport protein to get across the membrane,
requiring energy
Vesicles Used when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, even with
the help of a transport protein
Endocytosis Large molecules going INTO the cell
Exocytosis Large molecules going OUT of the cell
, Concentration Gradient Drives diffusion; moves from left to right
Nucleus Only in eukaryotic cells, holds DNA
Mitochondria Makes ATP, (Power house of the cell); Where Cellular Respiration occurs
Chloroplast Makes glucose for the plant; Where Photosynthesis occurs
Lysosomes Breaks down waste, food, etc.
Vacuole Where molecules, waste, etc. is stored; Bigger in Plant Cells
Ribosomes Makes protein; Where translation in protein synthesis occurs
Rough ER Transports Proteins; Has Ribosomes
Smooth ER Transports Proteins; Does not have Ribosomes
Correct Answers
Prokaryote Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (Ex. Bacteria)
Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells
Unicellular Organism Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex. Bacteria)
Passive Transport No energy required; transport of small and medium materials across
the plasma membrane (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion No energy required; transports molecules from high to low concentrations in
order to even them out (for small materials)
Osmosis No energy required; transports WATER from high to low concentrations in order
to even them out
,Facilitated Diffusion uses transport proteins to help move material across the plasma
membrane, but still doesn't require energy
Homeostasis Internal condition is balanced
Active Transport Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets molecules across the
cell through pumps and vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)
Pumps Molecules are "pumped" by a transport protein to get across the membrane,
requiring energy
Vesicles Used when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, even with
the help of a transport protein
Endocytosis Large molecules going INTO the cell
Exocytosis Large molecules going OUT of the cell
, Concentration Gradient Drives diffusion; moves from left to right
Nucleus Only in eukaryotic cells, holds DNA
Mitochondria Makes ATP, (Power house of the cell); Where Cellular Respiration occurs
Chloroplast Makes glucose for the plant; Where Photosynthesis occurs
Lysosomes Breaks down waste, food, etc.
Vacuole Where molecules, waste, etc. is stored; Bigger in Plant Cells
Ribosomes Makes protein; Where translation in protein synthesis occurs
Rough ER Transports Proteins; Has Ribosomes
Smooth ER Transports Proteins; Does not have Ribosomes
