CCRP
LVH Treatment (Meds) - Answer-Beta Blocker, ACE Inhibitor, Diuretic, Ca+ Channel Blocker
LVH Influence on exercise test - Answer-False Positive
LVH is often associated with - Answer-HTN
Afib/Flutter treatment (Meds) - Answer-Digitalis/Digoxin, Amiodarone, Beta-Blocker
Afib/Flutter influence on exercise test - Answer-ST Depression
SVT treatment (meds) - Answer-Amiodarone, Ca+ channel blocker, Beta Blocker, vagul maneuver
First line drug for HTN - Answer-Diuretic
2 most common diuretics - Answer-Lasix and Thiazides
Adverse reactions of diuretics - Answer-Dizziness, Low BP, Electrolyte imbalance
,Diuretic indications - Answer-Heart failure, Edema, HTN, Certain kidney disorders
Lasix influence on exercise test - Answer-ST Depression/False Positive, PVCs, Hypokalemia
Diuretic effect on the body/exercise - Answer-Excrete sodium and water, enhances sodium and chloride
excretion and prevents reabsorption, some increase potassium excretion and some spare potassium
5 Classes of anti-arrhythmics - Answer-Class 1: sodium channel blockers
Class 2: beta-blockers
Class 3: potassium channel blockers
Class 4: calcium channel blockers
Class 5: miscellaneous agents that cannot be categorized into the above groups (adenosine, magnesium
and potassium salts, digitalis, atropine)
Beta Blocker Indications - Answer-HTN, Angina, SVT, Afib, Rate Control, Acute MI, Migraines, Anxiety,
Systolic Heart Failure
Beta blocker mechanism of action - Answer-By blocking sympathetic stimulation of heart at Beta-1
receptors, reduce heart rate and contractility, thus decreasing the metabolic demands on the heart and
reducing risk of ischemia, have slight effect on beta-2
Beta Blockers decrease - Answer-HR, SV, Cardiac Output, BP
Amiodarone mechanism - Answer-prolongs action potential, inhibits sympathetic, slows sinus, PR, QT,
vasodilation
Ca+ Channel Blockers (Dihydropyridines) Indications - Answer-HTN, Angina, Ischemic Heart Disease
, Ca+ Channel Blockers lower - Answer-contractility, BP, TPR
Ca+ Blocker Contraindications - Answer-CHF, Pregnancy, Post MI
ACE Inhibitor Indications - Answer-HTN, CAD, Systolic HF, Diabetic nephropathy, CKD
ACE Inhibitors stop - Answer-Conversion from angiotensin I to II receptors
ACE Inhibitors decrease - Answer-Volume, Cardiac Output, HR, Sympathetic nervous system influence
Digitalis/Digoxin Indications - Answer-HF, Increasing AV Block, SVT, Afib/Flutter
Diabetes Mellitus - Answer-Is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by an elevated blood glucose
concentration (hyperglycemia) as a result of defects in insulin secretion and/or an inability to use insulin.
Type 1 DM - Answer-Caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing beta-cells of the
pancreas. Absolute insulin deficiency and a high tendency for ketoacidosis.
Type 2 DM - Answer-Caused by insulin-resistant skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver combined with
an insulin secretory defect. Majority of pt are obese, with central visceral adiposity.
First line drug for DM - Answer-Metformin which decreases sugar production by the liver and decreases
insulin resistance.
Sulfonylureas - Answer-Stimulate beta-cells to produce more insulin.
LVH Treatment (Meds) - Answer-Beta Blocker, ACE Inhibitor, Diuretic, Ca+ Channel Blocker
LVH Influence on exercise test - Answer-False Positive
LVH is often associated with - Answer-HTN
Afib/Flutter treatment (Meds) - Answer-Digitalis/Digoxin, Amiodarone, Beta-Blocker
Afib/Flutter influence on exercise test - Answer-ST Depression
SVT treatment (meds) - Answer-Amiodarone, Ca+ channel blocker, Beta Blocker, vagul maneuver
First line drug for HTN - Answer-Diuretic
2 most common diuretics - Answer-Lasix and Thiazides
Adverse reactions of diuretics - Answer-Dizziness, Low BP, Electrolyte imbalance
,Diuretic indications - Answer-Heart failure, Edema, HTN, Certain kidney disorders
Lasix influence on exercise test - Answer-ST Depression/False Positive, PVCs, Hypokalemia
Diuretic effect on the body/exercise - Answer-Excrete sodium and water, enhances sodium and chloride
excretion and prevents reabsorption, some increase potassium excretion and some spare potassium
5 Classes of anti-arrhythmics - Answer-Class 1: sodium channel blockers
Class 2: beta-blockers
Class 3: potassium channel blockers
Class 4: calcium channel blockers
Class 5: miscellaneous agents that cannot be categorized into the above groups (adenosine, magnesium
and potassium salts, digitalis, atropine)
Beta Blocker Indications - Answer-HTN, Angina, SVT, Afib, Rate Control, Acute MI, Migraines, Anxiety,
Systolic Heart Failure
Beta blocker mechanism of action - Answer-By blocking sympathetic stimulation of heart at Beta-1
receptors, reduce heart rate and contractility, thus decreasing the metabolic demands on the heart and
reducing risk of ischemia, have slight effect on beta-2
Beta Blockers decrease - Answer-HR, SV, Cardiac Output, BP
Amiodarone mechanism - Answer-prolongs action potential, inhibits sympathetic, slows sinus, PR, QT,
vasodilation
Ca+ Channel Blockers (Dihydropyridines) Indications - Answer-HTN, Angina, Ischemic Heart Disease
, Ca+ Channel Blockers lower - Answer-contractility, BP, TPR
Ca+ Blocker Contraindications - Answer-CHF, Pregnancy, Post MI
ACE Inhibitor Indications - Answer-HTN, CAD, Systolic HF, Diabetic nephropathy, CKD
ACE Inhibitors stop - Answer-Conversion from angiotensin I to II receptors
ACE Inhibitors decrease - Answer-Volume, Cardiac Output, HR, Sympathetic nervous system influence
Digitalis/Digoxin Indications - Answer-HF, Increasing AV Block, SVT, Afib/Flutter
Diabetes Mellitus - Answer-Is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by an elevated blood glucose
concentration (hyperglycemia) as a result of defects in insulin secretion and/or an inability to use insulin.
Type 1 DM - Answer-Caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing beta-cells of the
pancreas. Absolute insulin deficiency and a high tendency for ketoacidosis.
Type 2 DM - Answer-Caused by insulin-resistant skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver combined with
an insulin secretory defect. Majority of pt are obese, with central visceral adiposity.
First line drug for DM - Answer-Metformin which decreases sugar production by the liver and decreases
insulin resistance.
Sulfonylureas - Answer-Stimulate beta-cells to produce more insulin.
