Crowd Management FINAL EXAM
Questions And Answers Graded A+.
Crowd Control - Answer A public security practice where large crowds are managed to prevent
the outbreak of crown crush, affray, fights involving drunk and disorderly people or riots
Crowd Management - Answer - The systematic planning for, and the supervision of the orderly
movement and assembly of people
- The assessment of the people handling capabilities of a space prior to its use
- Includes: occupancy, means of ingress/ egress, processing procedures, expected types of
activities, group behavior
Crowd Surges - Answer - A "surge" is a sudden and powerful movement like one would
witness with waves of the ocean tide
- Unrelenting pressure from all side- a crushing "drowning" in a sea of people
- Occur in places where too many people are crowded in one place (entrance/exit, standing in a
room)
2 Components - Answer 1. Dense Crowd- lots of people in one place; force magnifies at the
epicenter or on the edges
2. Catalyst- something that causes crowd to shift or move [sudden rain, more people, fights]
Most deaths caused by asphyxiations, not trampling (people squeezed so hard they can't
breathe)
- Pushing from the back to front; from the front to back; & potentially from the top if one falls
- Often caused by failure to create a safe environment (not always a stampede)
Crowd Stampede - Answer - Occurs when a crowd of people move in the same direction at the
same time- some may collide or pile up against or on top of each other
- Impulsive, caused by catalysts
Crowd Density - Answer Person per Sq Meter or 10 sq ft
2 - Safe Density at which we typically use when planning crowded spaces. The crowd has good
free following movement [GREEN]
3 - Movement starts being constricted [YELLOW]
, Event Phases - Answer A- arrival
L- Last mile
I- Ingress
C- Circulation
E- Egress
D- Dispersal
Arrival - Answer - Local Area
-Transportation hub
- Parking Facilities
Last Mile - Answer - Between arrival and facility
- Line queuing close to venue
Ingress - Answer - Entering the venue/ event
Circulation - Answer - Movement in event/venue
- Crowd dynamics such as collapses or sure at stage
Egress - Answer - Crowd leaving venue/event
Dispersal - Answer - Crowd leaving area around event/ venue
- Back to parking lot to transportation hub
Crowd Science Principles - Answer - People don't go 'mad' in crowd- they retain the ability to
think for themselves
- Human behavior is influenced by 'cues' in the social and physical environment
- Security interactions with crowd can suppress or encourage violence
Crowd Psychology - Answer Contagion Theory- people lose their individual identity and their
capacity for reason or judgment (can get the leader to get the crowd to do whatever they want)
Questions And Answers Graded A+.
Crowd Control - Answer A public security practice where large crowds are managed to prevent
the outbreak of crown crush, affray, fights involving drunk and disorderly people or riots
Crowd Management - Answer - The systematic planning for, and the supervision of the orderly
movement and assembly of people
- The assessment of the people handling capabilities of a space prior to its use
- Includes: occupancy, means of ingress/ egress, processing procedures, expected types of
activities, group behavior
Crowd Surges - Answer - A "surge" is a sudden and powerful movement like one would
witness with waves of the ocean tide
- Unrelenting pressure from all side- a crushing "drowning" in a sea of people
- Occur in places where too many people are crowded in one place (entrance/exit, standing in a
room)
2 Components - Answer 1. Dense Crowd- lots of people in one place; force magnifies at the
epicenter or on the edges
2. Catalyst- something that causes crowd to shift or move [sudden rain, more people, fights]
Most deaths caused by asphyxiations, not trampling (people squeezed so hard they can't
breathe)
- Pushing from the back to front; from the front to back; & potentially from the top if one falls
- Often caused by failure to create a safe environment (not always a stampede)
Crowd Stampede - Answer - Occurs when a crowd of people move in the same direction at the
same time- some may collide or pile up against or on top of each other
- Impulsive, caused by catalysts
Crowd Density - Answer Person per Sq Meter or 10 sq ft
2 - Safe Density at which we typically use when planning crowded spaces. The crowd has good
free following movement [GREEN]
3 - Movement starts being constricted [YELLOW]
, Event Phases - Answer A- arrival
L- Last mile
I- Ingress
C- Circulation
E- Egress
D- Dispersal
Arrival - Answer - Local Area
-Transportation hub
- Parking Facilities
Last Mile - Answer - Between arrival and facility
- Line queuing close to venue
Ingress - Answer - Entering the venue/ event
Circulation - Answer - Movement in event/venue
- Crowd dynamics such as collapses or sure at stage
Egress - Answer - Crowd leaving venue/event
Dispersal - Answer - Crowd leaving area around event/ venue
- Back to parking lot to transportation hub
Crowd Science Principles - Answer - People don't go 'mad' in crowd- they retain the ability to
think for themselves
- Human behavior is influenced by 'cues' in the social and physical environment
- Security interactions with crowd can suppress or encourage violence
Crowd Psychology - Answer Contagion Theory- people lose their individual identity and their
capacity for reason or judgment (can get the leader to get the crowd to do whatever they want)
