SPMT 421 - Risk Management: Crowd
Management Revision Exam Questions
And Correct Answers.
crowd management: things to consider - Answer - must take into account all the elements of
an event especially the type of event
- characteristics of the facility
- size and demeanor of the crowd
- methods of entrance
- communications
- crowd control and queueing
- must include: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and evaluating
crowd management - Answer part of the duty facility managers owe to their patrons to
protect them form unreasonable risk of harm from themselves or others
crowd - Answer group of individuals who gather to involve themselves in some specific event
why is crowd management important? - Answer - foreseeability
- when do you start crowd management?
- what is the difference between crowd management and crowd control?
- crowd control: you are already in trouble
- crowd management: entails proactive steps that can help prevent crowd problems
crowd management since 9/11 - Answer - changes in operational procedures
- physical security measures
- central monitoring
- evacuation
- nil fan behavior policies
- criminal trespass
- searches and litigation
, physical security measures - Answer - parking and delivery policies
- closed circuit television
- sensors: detect chemicals and monitor utility systems
- satellite phones
central monitoring - Answer - should have a central control room that allows for monitoring of
the facility
- some staff equipped with multi-channel radios
movement theory - Answer - how people move in and around a facility relates to pedestrian
traffic
- movement theory takes into account the speed at which a crowd moves multiplied by density
and width of crowd, which indicates flow
movement theory equation - Answer speed x density x width = flow
crowd crush - Answer - September 2015: 2200 people died from compressive asphyxiation in
Mecca
- don't stop: stopping is the quickest way to fall and falling is the quickest way to die
- don't fight the tide: wait for the surge to come, go with it and move sideways
- if you fall make an air pocket: assume a rigid fetal position and make room for your lungs to
breathe
evacuation process - Answer - delay time till the start of evacuation and time needed to travel
to a safe place
- people usually check with 4 or more sources before evacuating; milling
evacuation process observations - Answer - panic is infrequent
- behavior tends to be reasonable
- initial warning sounds are often ignored
- people tend to exit by most frequent routes
- people tend to evacuate by groups and with friends
Management Revision Exam Questions
And Correct Answers.
crowd management: things to consider - Answer - must take into account all the elements of
an event especially the type of event
- characteristics of the facility
- size and demeanor of the crowd
- methods of entrance
- communications
- crowd control and queueing
- must include: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and evaluating
crowd management - Answer part of the duty facility managers owe to their patrons to
protect them form unreasonable risk of harm from themselves or others
crowd - Answer group of individuals who gather to involve themselves in some specific event
why is crowd management important? - Answer - foreseeability
- when do you start crowd management?
- what is the difference between crowd management and crowd control?
- crowd control: you are already in trouble
- crowd management: entails proactive steps that can help prevent crowd problems
crowd management since 9/11 - Answer - changes in operational procedures
- physical security measures
- central monitoring
- evacuation
- nil fan behavior policies
- criminal trespass
- searches and litigation
, physical security measures - Answer - parking and delivery policies
- closed circuit television
- sensors: detect chemicals and monitor utility systems
- satellite phones
central monitoring - Answer - should have a central control room that allows for monitoring of
the facility
- some staff equipped with multi-channel radios
movement theory - Answer - how people move in and around a facility relates to pedestrian
traffic
- movement theory takes into account the speed at which a crowd moves multiplied by density
and width of crowd, which indicates flow
movement theory equation - Answer speed x density x width = flow
crowd crush - Answer - September 2015: 2200 people died from compressive asphyxiation in
Mecca
- don't stop: stopping is the quickest way to fall and falling is the quickest way to die
- don't fight the tide: wait for the surge to come, go with it and move sideways
- if you fall make an air pocket: assume a rigid fetal position and make room for your lungs to
breathe
evacuation process - Answer - delay time till the start of evacuation and time needed to travel
to a safe place
- people usually check with 4 or more sources before evacuating; milling
evacuation process observations - Answer - panic is infrequent
- behavior tends to be reasonable
- initial warning sounds are often ignored
- people tend to exit by most frequent routes
- people tend to evacuate by groups and with friends
